Achalasia
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Twinkle Singh, M.B.B.S. [3] Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [4]
Synonyms and keywords: esophageal achalasia; cardiospasm; esophageal aperistalsis; achalasia cardiae; dyssynergia esophagus
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Achalasia from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Related Chapters
External links
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