Breath sounds
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Breath sounds refer to the specific sounds identified through auscultation of the respiratory system with a stethoscope.
In this context, "adventitious" refers to sounds heard apart from the normal sounds of inspiration and expiration.
A new technology, vibration response imaging, produces dynamic images of the lungs by measuring the vibration energy generated in lungs is under investigation. It is non-invasive and radiation-free.
Classification
There are a variety of breath sounds:
- Rales (or "Crackles")
- Wheeze and stridor
- Friction rub [1]
- Rhonchi [2]-- indicative of bronchitis
- Inspiratory gasp- indicative of whooping cough
- Crepitations [3]
- Hamman's sign (or Mediastinal crunch)[4]-- indicative of pneumomediastinum
Causes
Decreased Airflow through Respiratory Tree
- Abdominal, pleuritic, chest wall pain
- Aspirated foreign body
- Asthma
- Atelectasis
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchitis
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Croup
- Diaphragmatic paralysis
- Emphysema
- Epiglottitis
- Goiter
- Increased girth of abdomen
- Kyphosis
- Pleurisy
- Pulmonary Edema
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Scoliosis
Obstructed Transmission of Sound
- Alveoloar hemorrhage
- Chylothorax
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Hemothorax
- Large pulmonary embolism
- Obesity
- Pleural Effusion
- Pleural thickening
- Pneumonectomy
- Pneumothorax
- Psychogenic
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Vocal cord dyskinesia
- Vocal cord paralysis
References
- ↑ http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/1382744076.htm
- ↑ http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/R/rhonchi.html
- ↑ http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/-1395654592.htm
- ↑ http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00456.html
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X