Dermatophytosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Worldwide, the prevalence of dermatophytposis is 20000-25000 per 100,000 persons. Dermatophytosis commonly affects school-aged (5-15 years of age) children. Overall, dermatophytosis is more prevalent in women than in men. Scalp infections are more common in blacks as compared to Caucasians. There is a large variation in the type of dermatophytosis affecting individuals, depending upon the geographic location.
Epidemiology and demographics
Prevalence
- Worldwide, the prevalence of dermatophytosis is 20000-25000 per 100,000 persons.[1]
Incidence
- Worldwide, the incidence of dermatophytosis ranges from a low of 10000 per 100,000 persons to a high of 15000 per 100,000 persons.
Case-fatality rate
- Dermatophytosis is a non-fatal, superficial infection of the skin.
Age
Gender
- Overall, dermatophytosis is more prevalent in women than in men.[4]
- Groin infections occur with a higher frequency in males than in females.[5]
- Nail infections occur more commonly in females than in males.[6]
Race
- In a study comparing the prevalence of dermatophytosis in black and Caucasians showed that, scalp infections occur predominantly in blacks; fingernail infections occur more often in Caucasians than blacks; toenails are more frequently infected in Caucasians than in blacks.[7]
Geographic distribution
- In Europe, the countries reporting the highest incidence of M. canis infections (Tinea capitis) are mainly in the Mediterranean but also bordering countries like Austria, Hungary, Germany and Poland.[8]
- The largest overall increase with anthropophilic dermatophytes has been noted with Trichophyton tonsurans mainly in the UK and with Trichophyton soudanense and Microsporum audouinii in France.[9]
- Large-scale studies on onychomycosis conducted in the US and Canada in the late 1990s showed a prevalence rate of 14000 per 100,000 persons and 8000 per 100,000, respectively. In Europe, the prevalence rate is even more variable, with 2700 per 100,000 in the UK and Spain, 8400 per 100,000 in Finland, 12400 per 100,000 in Germany and 16800 per 100,000 in France in a more recent study.
| Most common dermatophytosis | Agent | Region | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tinea pedis plus onychomycosis | T. rubrum | Europe | UK |
| Sweden | |||
| Germany | |||
| Belgium | |||
| Poland | |||
| Slovakia | |||
| Spain | |||
| Greece | |||
| Middle East | Turkey | ||
| Iran | |||
| North and Central America | USA | ||
| Mexico | |||
| Asia | Japan | ||
| Tinea corporis | T. mentagrophytes | Middle East | Lebanon |
| Saudi Arabia | |||
| T. verrucosum | Northern Iran | ||
| M. canis | Europe | Italy | |
| T. rubrum | Asia | India | |
| Tinea capitis | T. tonsurans | Carribean | Haiti |
| M. audouinii | Africa | Mali | |
| T. soudanense + T. tonsurans | Nigeria | ||
| M. audouinii | Senegal | ||
| T. soudanense | Ethiopia | ||
| T. violaceum | Botswana |
References
- ↑ Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M (2008). "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide". Mycoses. 51 Suppl 4: 2–15. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x. PMID 18783559.
- ↑ "Prevalence and Etiologic Agents of Dermatophytosis among Primary School Children in Harari Regional State, Ethiopia".
- ↑ Koussidou-Eremondi T, Devliotou-Panagiotidou D, Mourellou-Tsatsou O, Minas A (2005). "Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children living in Northern Greece 1996-2000". Mycoses. 48 (1): 11–6. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.01067.x. PMID 15679659.
- ↑ Pires CA, Cruz NF, Lobato AM, Sousa PO, Carneiro FR, Mendes AM (2014). "Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic profile of dermatophytosis". An Bras Dermatol. 89 (2): 259–64. PMC 4008056. PMID 24770502.
- ↑ "Distribution of Dermatophytosis According to Age, Ethnic Group and Sex: Sabouraudia: Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology: Vol 12, No 3".
- ↑ "Distribution of Dermatophytosis According to Age, Ethnic Group and Sex: Sabouraudia: Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology: Vol 12, No 3".
- ↑ "Distribution of Dermatophytosis According to Age, Ethnic Group and Sex: Sabouraudia: Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology: Vol 12, No 3".
- ↑ Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Weger W, Ilkit M, Smolle J (2007). "Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Europe: current state and changing patterns". Mycoses. 50 Suppl 2: 6–13. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01424.x. PMID 17681048.
- ↑ Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Weger W, Ilkit M, Smolle J (2007). "Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Europe: current state and changing patterns". Mycoses. 50 Suppl 2: 6–13. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01424.x. PMID 17681048.