Metabolic encephalopathy

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

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Overview

Metabolic encephalopathy is either secondary to other organ failure, or is the result of metabolic brain disease. It is associated with memory loss, vertigo, and generalized weakness.

Causes

Common Causes

• Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Hyperadrenocorticism
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypercarbia
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Hyponatremia
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypoxia
• Ion imbalance
• Porphyria
• Porphyria
• Pyridoxine deficiency
• Sepsis
• Thiamine deficiency
• Uremia
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Wernicke's Encephalopathy

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Ischemia
Chemical/Poisoning	Carbon monoxide poisoning, Cyanide poisoning, Mercury poisoning, Toxins
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Drugs
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperadrenocorticism, Hypercalcemia, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyponatremia, Hypothyroidism, Porphyria, Wernicke's Encephalopathy,
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Liver disease, Porphyria,
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Hypercalcemia, Hypercarbia, Hypoglycemia, Hypoxia, Ion imbalance, Porphyria, Pyridoxine deficiency, Sepsis, Thiamine deficiency, Uremia, Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Iatrogenic	Dialysis, Organ transplantation
Infectious Disease	Sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Dopamine deficiency, Epilepsy, Hyperosmolar coma, Inadequate brain perfusion
Nutritional/Metabolic	Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Dialysis, Electrolyte disturbance, Renal failure
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Heat stroke
Urologic	Uremia
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Cyanide poisoning
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Dialysis
• Dopamine deficiency
• Drugs
• Electrolyte disturbance
• Epilepsy
• Heat stroke
• Hyperadrenocorticism
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypercarbia
• Hyperosmolar coma
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Hyponatremia
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypoxia
• Inadequate brain perfusion
• Ion imbalance
• Ischemia
• Liver disease
• Mercury poisoning
• Organ transplantation
• Porphyria
• Pyridoxine deficiency
• Renal failure
• Sepsis
• Thiamine deficiency
• Toxins
• Uremia
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Wernicke's Encephalopathy

References

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