Nutcracker esophagus
(Redirected from Esophageal spasm)
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| Image courtesy of RadsWiki and copylefted |
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Nutcracker esophagus Microchapters |
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Nutcracker esophagus On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nutcracker esophagus |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Diffuse esophageal spasm; corkscrew esophagus
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Nutcracker esophagus from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies