Osteochondritis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Osteochondritis dissecans (sometimes spelled dessecans, and abbreviated "OCD") is a painful condition within a joint of the body in humans or animals, in which fragments of cartilage or bone have become loose within a joint, leading to pain and inflammation. These fragments are sometimes referred to as "joint mice" due to a squeaking sound sometimes resulting from the joint. Specifically, OCD is a type of osteochondrosis in which a lesion has formed within the cartilage layer itself, giving rise to secondary inflammation. It has a complex etiology, and can be caused by genetic, hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors.
OCD can often be treated surgically.
General
OCD occurs when a loose piece of bone or cartilage separates from the end of the bone, often because of a loss of blood supply and insufficient amounts of calcium. The loose piece may stay in place or slide around making the joint stiff and unstable. OCD in humans most commonly affects the knees or ankles, but can also affect other joints such as the elbow. If a serious injury occurs in this area, the bone around it will supply it with as much calcium as possible to try and fix the loose piece of bone. This often results in a calcium build up around the loose piece. This build up is surgically removed most of the time.
The term "dessicans" refers to the "creation of a flap of cartilage that further dissects away from its underlying subchondral attachments (dissecans)" [2]
OCD has been associated both to too little, and too much, calcium in the body.
OCD is a relatively rare disorder. It commonly occurs in boys and young men from 10-20 years of age while they are still growing. As girls become more active in sports, it is becoming more common among them as well. Prevalence In knee, 30–60 cases per 100,000 population
Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Ischemia |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | Acan mutation |
| Hematologic | Calcium deficiency, Kienbock disease |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | Aseptic necrosis of bone, Avascular necrosis, Blount disease, Calcium deficiency, Freiberg disease, Humerus juvenile osteochondritis, Iselin disease, Juvenile osteochondrosis of head of femur, Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine, Kienbock disease, Kohler first disease, Osgood-schlatter disease, Physical trauma, Repetitive strain injury, Sever disease, Sinding larsen-johannson disease |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Avascular necrosis, Blount disease, |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Osgood-schlatter disease, Physical trauma, Repetitive strain injury |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acan mutation
- Aseptic necrosis of bone
- Avascular necrosis
- Blount disease
- Calcium deficiency
- Freiberg disease
- Humerus juvenile osteochondritis
- Ischemia
- Iselin disease
- Juvenile osteochondrosis of head of femur
- Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine
- Kienbock disease
- Kohler first disease
- Osgood-schlatter disease
- Physical trauma
- Repetitive strain injury
- Sever disease
- Sinding larsen-johannson disease
Diagnosis
To determine whether your pains are osteochondritis dissecans, an MRI or X-Ray can be performed to show whether the loose piece of bone is still in place. In specific cases if caught early enough, a harmless dye will be injected into your blood stream to show where the calcium will most likely continue to build up. Doing this makes the removal process much easier..
See also
External links
References
Template:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue