Stephen aldehyde synthesis

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Not to be confused with Stevens rearrangement.

Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE). This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using Tin(II) chloride (SnCl2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH2]+Cl-) with water (H2O).[1]

Overall, the reaction scheme is as follows:

File:Stephen aldehyde synthesis.png

References

  1. ↑ Stephen, H. (1925). "A new synthesis of aldehydes". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 127: 1874 &mdash, 1877. doi:10.1039/CT9252701874.
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