Substance or medication-induced anxiety disorder

Template:Anxiety disorder Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

According to the DSM-V, substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder is characterized by panic attacks or anxiety that develops during or after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication.

Differential Diagnosis

• Anxiety disorder (i.e., not induced by a substance/medication)
• Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition
• Delirium
• Substance intoxication
• Substance withdrawal

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

The prevalence of substance or medication-induced anxiety disorder is not clear in the overall population.

Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder

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A. Panic attacks or anxiety is predominant in the clinical picture. AND B. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of both (1)and (2): 1. The symptoms in Criterion A developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication. 2. The involved substance/medication is capable of producing the symptoms in Criterion A. AND C. The disturbance is not better explained by an anxiety disorder that is not substance/medication-induced. Such evidence of an independent anxiety disorder could include the following: The symptoms precede the onset of the substance/medication use; the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time (e.g., about 1 month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoxication: or there is other evidence suggesting the existence of an independent non-substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder (e.g., a history of recurrent non-substance/medication-related episodes). AND D. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium. AND E. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Note: This diagnosis should be made instead of a diagnosis of substance intoxication or substance withdrawal only when the symptoms in Criterion A predominate in the clinical picture and they are sufficiently severe to warrant clinical attention.

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References

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