TIMI flow grade 4

(Redirected from TIMI 4 flow grade)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Coronary Angiography

Home

General Principles

Overview
Historical Perspective
Contraindications
Appropriate Use Criteria for Revascularization
Complications
Technique
Film Quality

Anatomy & Projection Angles

Normal Anatomy

Coronary arteries
Dominance
Right System
Left System
Left Main
Left Anterior Descending
Circumflex
Median Ramus

Anatomic Variants

Separate Ostia
Anomalous Origins
Case Example
Fistula

Projection Angles

Standard Views
Left Coronary Artery
Right Coronary Artery

Epicardial Flow & Myocardial Perfusion

Epicardial Flow

TIMI Frame Count
TIMI Flow Grade
TIMI Grade 0 Flow
TIMI Grade 1 Flow
TIMI Grade 2 Flow
TIMI Grade 3 Flow
TIMI Grade 4 Flow
Pulsatile Flow
Deceleration

Myocardial Perfusion

TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade
TMP Grade 0
TMP Grade 0.5
TMP Grade 1
TMP Grade 2
TMP Grade 3

Lesion Complexity

ACC/AHA Lesion-Specific Classification of the Primary Target Stenosis

Preprocedural Lesion Morphology

Eccentricity
Irregularity
Ulceration
Intimal Flap
Aneurysm
Sawtooth Pattern
Length
Ostial location
Angulation
Proximal tortuosity
Degenerated SVG
Calcification
Total occlusion
Coronary Artery Thrombus
TIMI Thrombus Grade
TIMI Thrombus Grade 0
TIMI Thrombus Grade 1
TIMI Thrombus Grade 2
TIMI Thrombus Grade 3
TIMI Thrombus Grade 4
TIMI Thrombus Grade 5
TIMI Thrombus Grade 6

Lesion Morphology

Quantitative Coronary Angiography
Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology
Irregular Lesion
Disease Extent
Arterial Foreshortening
Infarct Related Artery
Restenosis
Degenerated SVG
Collaterals
Aneurysm
Bifurcation
Trifurcation
Ulceration

Left ventriculography

Technique
Quantification of LV Function
Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: TIMI 4, TIMI 4 flow, TIMI 4 flow grade, TFG 4, TFG4, hyperemia, hyperemic flow

Overview

TIMI grade 4 flow is a term developed by Dr. C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. to describe hyperemic flow on a coronary arteriogram.[1] Hyperemic flow on a coronary arteriogram is defined qualitatitively as near instantaneous filling of the coronary artery with dye, and quantitatively as a corrected TIMI frame count < 14 frames. Hyperemic flow in a coronary artery may be due to either repayment of oxygen debt following ischemia due to a balloon inflation for instance, or distal embolization. If it is due to distal embolization, and if impaired myocardial perfusion is present (TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0 or TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1), then the mortality associated with TIMI grade 4 flow is actually higher than that of TIMI grade 3 flow.[1] In this scenario, the hyperemic flow is a surrogate or marker of endogenous adenosine release due to distal embolization, rather than being causally related to adverse outcomes.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Gibson CM, Pride YB, Buros JL, Kunadian V, Southard MC, Harrigan CJ; et al. (2008). "Relation of hyperemic epicardial flow to outcomes among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving fibrinolytic therapy". Am J Cardiol. 101 (9): 1232–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.12.023. PMID 18435949.