Tadalafil

Tadalafil
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sheng Shi, M.D. [2];Aparna Vuppala, M.B.B.S. [3]

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Overview

Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor that is FDA approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia. Common adverse reactions include flushing, indigestion, nausea, backache, myalgia, headache, nasopharyngitis, respiratory tract infection.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Erectile dysfunction

• Dosing information

• Initial dosage: 10 mg taken prior to anticipated sexual activity.
• Dosage range: 20 mg -- 5 mg, based on individual efficacy and tolerability.

• The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day in most patients.

• Tadalafil for use as needed was shown to improve erectile function compared to placebo up to 36 hours following dosing. Therefore, when advising patients on optimal use of Tadalafil , this should be taken into consideration.

• Dosing information for once daily use

• Recommended initial dosage: 2.5 mg PO qd, taken at approximately the same time every day, without regard to timing of sexual activity.
• The Tadalafil dose for once daily use may be increased to ‘’‘5 mg’‘’, based on individual efficacy and tolerability.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

• Dosing information

• Recommended dosage:‘’‘5 mg PO qd‘’‘, taken at approximately the same time every day.
• When therapy for BPH is initiated with Tadalafil and finasteride

• Recommended dosage: ’‘’5 mg PO qd‘’‘, taken at approximately the same time every day for up to 26 weeks.

• Use with Food

• Tadalafil may be taken without regard to food.

Use in Specific Populations

• Renal Impairment

• Tadalafil for Use as Needed

• Creatinine clearance 30 to 50 mL/min:

• Start dosage: 5 mg not more than once per day is recommended
• Maximum dose: 10 mg not more than once in every 48 hours.

• Creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min or on hemodialysis

• Maximum dosage: 5 mg not more than once in every 72 hours .

• Tadalafil for Once Daily Use

• erectile dysfunction

• Creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min or on hemodialysis: Tadalafil for once daily use is not recommended .

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

• Creatinine clearance 30 to 50 mL/min

• Starting dosage: 2.5 mg . An increase to 5 mg may be considered based on individual response.

• Creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min or on hemodialysis

• Tadalafil for once daily use is not recommended .

• Hepatic Impairment

• Tadalafil for Use as Needed

• Mild or moderate (Child Pugh Class A or B)

• Dosage should not exceed 10 mg PO qd. The use of Tadalafil once per day has not been extensively evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment and therefore, caution is advised.

Severe (Child Pugh Class C): The use of Tadalafil is not recommended .

• Tadalafil for Once Daily Use

• Mild or moderate (Child Pugh Class A or B)

• Tadalafil for once daily use has not been extensively evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment. Therefore, caution is advised if Tadalafil for once daily use is prescribed to these patients.

• Sever (Child Pugh Class C)

• The use of Tadalafil is not recommended .

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Tadalafil in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon

• Dosing information

• 20 mg qd or qod

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Tadalafil FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Tadalafil in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Tadalafil in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

Felodipine extended-release tablets are contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to this product.

Warnings

Evaluation of erectile dysfunction and BPH should include an appropriate medical assessment to identify potential underlying causes, as well as treatment options.

Before prescribing Tadalafil , it is important to note the following:

Cardiovascular

Physicians should consider the cardiovascular status of their patients, since there is a degree of cardiac risk associated with sexual activity. Therefore, treatments for erectile dysfunction, including Tadalafil , should not be used in men for whom sexual activity is inadvisable as a result of their underlying cardiovascular status. Patients who experience symptoms upon initiation of sexual activity should be advised to refrain from further sexual activity and seek immediate medical attention.

Physicians should discuss with patients the appropriate action in the event that they experience anginal chest pain requiring nitroglycerin following intake of Tadalafil . In such a patient, who has taken Tadalafil , where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary for a life-threatening situation, at least 48 hours should have elapsed after the last dose of Tadalafil before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should still only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate hemodynamic monitoring. Therefore, patients who experience anginal chest pain after taking Tadalafil should seek immediate medical attention.

Patients with left ventricular outflow obstruction, (e.g., aortic stenosis and idiopathic hypertrophic sub aortic stenosis) can be sensitive to the action of vasodilators including PDE5 inhibitors.

The following groups of patients with cardiovascular disease were not included in clinical safety and efficacy trials for Tadalafil , and therefore until further information is available, Tadalafil is not recommended for the following groups of patients:

myocardial infarction within the last 90 days unstable angina or angina occurring during sexual intercourse New York Heart Association Class 2 or greater heart failure in the last 6 months uncontrolled arrhythmias, hypotension (<90/50 mm Hg), or uncontrolled hypertension stroke within the last 6 months.

As with other PDE5 inhibitors, tadalafil has mild systemic vasodilatory properties that may result in transient decreases in blood pressure. In a clinical pharmacology study, tadalafil 20 mg resulted in a mean maximal decrease in supine blood pressure, relative to placebo, of 1.6/0.8 mm Hg in healthy subjects . While this effect should not be of consequence in most patients, prior to prescribing Tadalafil , physicians should carefully consider whether their patients with underlying cardiovascular disease could be affected adversely by such vasodilatory effects. Patients with severely impaired autonomic control of blood pressure may be particularly sensitive to the actions of vasodilators, including PDE5 inhibitors.

Potential for Drug Interactions When Taking Tadalafil for Once Daily Use

Physicians should be aware that Tadalafil for once daily use provides continuous plasma tadalafil levels and should consider this when evaluating the potential for interactions with medications (e.g., nitrates, alpha-blockers, anti-hypertensives and potent inhibitors of CYP3A4) and with substantial consumption of alcohol .

Prolonged Erection

There have been rare reports of prolonged erections greater than 4 hours and priapism (painful erections greater than 6 hours in duration) for this class of compounds. Priapism, if not treated promptly, can result in irreversible damage to the erectile tissue. Patients who have an erection lasting greater than 4 hours, whether painful or not, should seek emergency medical attention.

Tadalafil should be used with caution in patients who have conditions that might predispose them to priapism (such as sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemia), or in patients with anatomical deformation of the penis (such as angulation, cavernosal fibrosis, or Peyronie's disease).

Effects on the Eye

Physicians should advise patients to stop use of all phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, including Tadalafil , and seek medical attention in the event of a sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes. Such an event may be a sign of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a rare condition and a cause of decreased vision, including permanent loss of vision, that has been reported rarely postmarketing in temporal association with the use of all PDE5 inhibitors. Based on published literature, the annual incidence of NAIONis 2.5-11.8 cases per 100,000 in males aged ≥50. An observational study evaluated whether recent use ofPDE5 inhibitors, as a class, was associated with acute onset ofNAION. The results suggest an approximate 2-fold increase in the risk of NAION within 5 half-lives of PDE5 inhibitors use. From this information, it is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the use of PDE5 inhibitors or other factors.

Physicians should consider whether their patients with underlying NAION risk factors could be adversely affected by use ofPDE5 inhibitors. Individuals who have already experienced NAION are at increased risk of NAION recurrence. Therefore, PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil , should be used with caution in these patients and only when the anticipated benefits outweigh the risks. Individuals with "crowded" optic disc are also considered at greater risk for NAION compared to the general population; however, evidence is insufficient to support screening of prospective users of PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil , for this uncommon condition.

Patients with known hereditary degenerative retinal disorders, including retinitis pigmentosa, were not included in the clinical trials, and use in these patients is not recommended.

Sudden Hearing Loss

Physicians should advise patients to stop takingPDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil , and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing. These events, which may be accompanied by tinnitus and dizziness, have been reported in temporal association to the intake of PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil . It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the use of PDE5 inhibitors or to other factors .

alpha-blockers and Antihypertensives

Physicians should discuss with patients the potential for Tadalafil to augment the blood-pressure-lowering effect of alpha-blockers and antihypertensive medications.

Caution is advised when PDE5 inhibitors are coadministered with alpha-blockers. PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil , and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents are both vasodilators with blood-pressure-lowering effects. When vasodilators are used in combination, an additive effect on blood pressure may be anticipated. In some patients, concomitant use of these two drug classes can lower blood pressure significantly , which may lead to symptomatic hypotension (e.g., fainting). Consideration should be given to the following:

ED

Patients should be stable on alpha-blocker therapy prior to initiating a PDE5 inhibitors. Patients who demonstrate hemodynamic instability on alpha-blocker therapy alone are at increased risk of symptomatic hypotension with concomitant use of PDE5 inhibitors. In those patients who are stable on alpha-blocker therapy, PDE5 inhibitors should be initiated at the lowest recommended dose. In those patients already taking an optimized dose of PDE5 inhibitors, alpha-blocker therapy should be initiated at the lowest dose. Stepwise increase in alpha-blocker dose may be associated with further lowering of blood pressure when taking a PDE5 inhibitors. Safety of combined use of PDE5 inhibitors and alpha-blockers may be affected by other variables, including intravascular volume depletion and other antihypertensive drugs.

BPH

The efficacy of the coadministration of an alpha-blocker and Tadalafil for the treatment of BPH has not been adequately studied, and due to the potential vasodilatory effects of combined use resulting in blood pressure lowering, the combination of Tadalafil and alpha-blockers is not recommended for the treatment of BPH. Patients on alpha-blocker therapy for BPH should discontinue their alpha-blocker at least one day prior to starting Tadalafil for once daily use for the treatment of BPH.

Renal Impairment

Tadalafil for Use as Needed

Tadalafil should be limited to 5 mg not more than once in every 72 hours in patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min or end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. The starting dose of Tadalafil in patients with creatinine clearance 30 – 50 mL/min should be 5 mg not more than once per day, and the maximum dose should be limited to 10 mg not more than once in every 48 hours. Tadalafil for Once Daily Use

ED

Due to increased tadalafil exposure (AUC), limited clinical experience, and the lack of ability to influence clearance by dialysis, Tadalafil for once daily use is not recommended in patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min .

BPH and ED/BPH

Due to increased tadalafil exposure (AUC), limited clinical experience, and the lack of ability to influence clearance by dialysis, Tadalafil for once daily use is not recommended in patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min. In patients with creatinine clearance 30 – 50 mL/min, start dosing at 2.5 mg once daily, and increase the dose to 5 mg once daily based upon individual response .

Hepatic Impairment

Tadalafil for Use as Needed

In patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, the dose of Tadalafil should not exceed 10 mg. Because of insufficient information in patients with severe hepatic impairment, use of Tadalafil in this group is not recommended .

Tadalafil for Once Daily Use

Tadalafil for once daily use has not been extensively evaluated in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Therefore, caution is advised if Tadalafil for once daily use is prescribed to these patients. Because of insufficient information in patients with severe hepatic impairment, use of Tadalafil in this group is not recommended .

Alcohol

Patients should be made aware that both alcohol and Tadalafil , a PDE5 inhibitors, act as mild vasodilators. When mild vasodilators are taken in combination, blood-pressure-lowering effects of each individual compound may be increased. Therefore, physicians should inform patients that substantial consumption of alcohol (e.g., 5 units or greater) in combination with Tadalafil can increase the potential for orthostatic signs and symptoms, including increase in heart rate, decrease in standing blood pressure, dizziness, and headache .

Concomitant Use of Potent Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)

Tadalafil is metabolized predominantly by CYP3A4 in the liver. The dose of Tadalafil for use as needed should be limited to 10 mg no more than once every 72 hours in patients taking potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as ritonavir, ketoconazole, and itraconazole . In patients taking potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 and Tadalafil for once daily use, the maximum recommended dose is 2.5 mg .

Combination With Other PDE5 Inhibitors or Erectile Dysfunction Therapies

The safety and efficacy of combinations of Tadalafil and other PDE5 inhibitors or treatments for erectile dysfunction have not been studied. Inform patients not to take Tadalafil with other PDE5 inhibitors, including ADCIRCA.

Effects on Bleeding

Studies in vitro have demonstrated that tadalafil is a selective inhibitor of PDE5. PDE5 is found in platelets. When administered in combination with aspirin, tadalafil 20 mg did not prolong bleeding time, relative to aspirin alone. Tadalafil has not been administered to patients with bleeding disorders or significant active peptic ulceration. Although Tadalafil has not been shown to increase bleeding times in healthy subjects, use in patients with bleeding disorders or significant active peptic ulceration should be based upon a careful risk-benefit assessment and caution.

Counseling Patients About Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The use of Tadalafil offers no protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Counseling patients about the protective measures necessary to guard against sexually transmitted diseases, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) should be considered.

Consideration of Other Urological Conditions Prior to Initiating Treatment for BPH

Prior to initiating treatment with Tadalafil for BPH, consideration should be given to other urological conditions that may cause similar symptoms. In addition, prostate cancer and BPH may coexist.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Tadalafil was administered to over 9000 men during clinical trials worldwide. In trials of Tadalafil for once daily use, a total of 1434, 905, and 115 were treated for at least 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. For Tadalafil for use as needed, over 1300 and 1000 subjects were treated for at least 6 months and 1 year, respectively. Tadalafil for Use as Needed for ED In eight primary placebo-controlled clinical studies of 12 weeks duration, mean age was 59 years (range 22 to 88) and the discontinuation rate due to adverse events in patients treated with tadalafil 10 or 20 mg was 3.1%, compared to 1.4% in placebo treated patients. When taken as recommended in the placebo-controlled clinical trials, the following adverse reactions were reported (see Table 1) for Tadalafil for use as needed:

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Tadalafil for Once Daily Use for ED In three placebo-controlled clinical trials of 12 or 24 weeks duration, mean age was 58 years (range 21 to 82) and the discontinuation rate due to adverse events in patients treated with tadalafil was 4.1%, compared to 2.8% in placebo-treated patients. The following adverse reactions were reported (see Table 2) in clinical trials of 12 weeks duration:

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

The following adverse reactions were reported (see Table 3) over 24 weeks treatment duration in one placebo-controlled clinical study:

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Tadalafil for Once Daily Use for BPH and for ED and BPH In three placebo-controlled clinical trials of 12 weeks duration, two in patients with BPH and one in patients with ED and BPH, the mean age was 63 years (range 44 to 93) and the discontinuation rate due to adverse events in patients treated with tadalafil was 3.6% compared to 1.6% in placebo-treated patients. Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation reported by at least 2 patients treated with tadalafil included headache, upper abdominal pain, and myalgia. The following adverse reactions were reported (see Table 4).

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Additional, less frequent adverse reactions (<1%) reported in the controlled clinical trials of Tadalafil for BPH or ED and BPH included: gastroesophageal reflux disease, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, and muscle spasm. Back pain or myalgia was reported at incidence rates described in Tables 1 through 4. In tadalafil clinical pharmacology trials, back pain or myalgia generally occurred 12 to 24 hours after dosing and typically resolved within 48 hours. The back pain/myalgia associated with tadalafil treatment was characterized by diffuse bilateral lower lumbar, gluteal, thigh, or thoracolumbar muscular discomfort and was exacerbated by recumbency. In general, pain was reported as mild or moderate in severity and resolved without medical treatment, but severe back pain was reported with a low frequency (<5% of all reports). When medical treatment was necessary, acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were generally effective; however, in a small percentage of subjects who required treatment, a mild narcotic (e.g., codeine) was used. Overall, approximately 0.5% of all subjects treated with Tadalafil for on demand use discontinued treatment as a consequence of back pain/myalgia. In the 1-year open label extension study, back pain and myalgia were reported in 5.5% and 1.3% of patients, respectively. Diagnostic testing, including measures for inflammation, muscle injury, or renal damage revealed no evidence of medically significant underlying pathology. Incidence rates for Tadalafil for once daily use for ED, BPH and BPH/ED are described in Tables 2, 3 and 4. In studies of Tadalafil for once daily use, adverse reactions of back pain and myalgia were generally mild or moderate with a discontinuation rate of <1% across all indications. Across all studies with any Tadalafil dose, reports of changes in color vision were rare (<0.1% of patients). The following section identifies additional, less frequent events (<2%) reported in controlled clinical trials of Tadalafil for once daily use or use as needed. A causal relationship of these events to Tadalafil is uncertain. Excluded from this list are those events that were minor, those with no plausible relation to drug use, and reports too imprecise to be meaningful:

Body as a Whole — asthenia, face edema, fatigue, pain
Cardiovascular — angina pectoris, chest pain, hypotension, myocardial infarction, postural hypotension, palpitations, syncope, tachycardia
Digestive — abnormal liver function tests, dry mouth, dysphagia, esophagitis, gastritis, GGTP increased, loose stools, nausea, upper abdominal pain, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, rectal hemorrhage
Musculoskeletal — arthralgia, neck pain
Nervous — dizziness, hypesthesia, insomnia, paresthesia, somnolence, vertigo
Renal and Urinary — renal impairment
Respiratory — dyspnea, epistaxis, pharyngitis
Skin and Appendages — pruritus, rash, sweating
Ophthalmologic — blurred vision, changes in color vision, conjunctivitis (including conjunctival hyperemia), eye pain, lacrimation increase, swelling of eyelids
Otologic — sudden decrease or loss of hearing, tinnitus
Urogenital — erection increased, spontaneous penile erection

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Tadalafil . Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These events have been chosen for inclusion either due to their seriousness, reporting frequency, lack of clear alternative causation, or a combination of these factors. Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular — Serious cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, stroke, chest pain, palpitations, and tachycardia, have been reported postmarketing in temporal association with the use of tadalafil. Most, but not all, of these patients had preexisting cardiovascular risk factors. Many of these events were reported to occur during or shortly after sexual activity, and a few were reported to occur shortly after the use of Tadalafil without sexual activity. Others were reported to have occurred hours to days after the use of Tadalafil and sexual activity. It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to Tadalafil , to sexual activity, to the patient's underlying cardiovascular disease, to a combination of these factors, or to other factors .

Body as a Whole — hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and exfoliative dermatitis
Nervous — migraine, seizure and seizure recurrence, transient global amnesia
Ophthalmologic — visual field defect, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a cause of decreased vision including permanent loss of vision, has been reported rarely postmarketing in temporal association with the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, including Tadalafil . Most, but not all, of these patients had underlying anatomic or vascular risk factors for development of NAION, including but not necessarily limited to: low cup to disc ratio (“crowded disc”), age over 50, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the use of PDE5 inhibitors, to the patient's underlying vascular risk factors or anatomical defects, to a combination of these factors, or to other factors .

Otologic — Cases of sudden decrease or loss of hearing have been reported postmarketing in temporal association with the use of PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil . In some of the cases, medical conditions and other factors were reported that may have also played a role in the otologic adverse events. In many cases, medical follow-up information was limited. It is not possible to determine whether these reported events are related directly to the use of Tadalafil , to the patient's underlying risk factors for hearing loss, a combination of these factors, or to other factors . Urogenital — priapism .

Drug Interactions

Potential for Pharmacodynamic Interactions with ADCIRCA

Nitrates

Do not use ADCIRCA in patients who are using any form of organic nitrate . In clinical pharmacology studies ADCIRCA potentiated the hypotensive effect of nitrates . In a patient who has taken ADCIRCA, where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary in a life–threatening situation, at least 48 hours should elapse after the last dose of ADCIRCA before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should still only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate hemodynamic monitoring.

Alpha-Blockers

PDE5 inhibitors, including ADCIRCA, and alpha–adrenergic blocking agents are both vasodilators with blood-pressure-lowering effects. When vasodilators are used in combination, an additive effect on blood pressure may be anticipated. Clinical pharmacology studies have been conducted with coadministration of tadalafil with doxazosin, alfuzosin or tamsulosin .

Antihypertensives

PDE5 inhibitors, including ADCIRCA, are mild systemic vasodilators. Clinical pharmacology studies were conducted to assess the effect of tadalafil on the potentiation of the blood–pressure–lowering effects of selected antihypertensive medications (amlodipine, angiotensin II receptor blockers, bendroflumethiazide, enalapril, and metoprolol). Small reductions in blood pressure occurred following coadministration of tadalafil with these agents compared with placebo .

Alcohol

Both alcohol and tadalafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, act as mild vasodilators. When mild vasodilators are taken in combination, blood pressure–lowering effects of each individual compound may be increased. Substantial consumption of alcohol (e.g., 5 units or greater) in combination with ADCIRCA can increase the potential for orthostatic signs and symptoms, including increase in heart rate, decrease in standing blood pressure, dizziness, and headache. Tadalafil (10 mg or 20 mg) did not affect alcohol plasma concentrations and alcohol did not affect tadalafil plasma concentrations.

Potential for Other Drugs to Affect ADCIRCA

Ritonavir

Ritonavir initially inhibits and later induces CYP3A, the enzyme involved in the metabolism of tadalafil. At steady state of ritonavir (about 1 week), the exposure to tadalafil is similar as in the absence of ritonavir

Other Potent Inhibitors of CYP3A

Tadalafil is metabolized predominantly by CYP3A in the liver. In patients taking potent inhibitors of CYP3A such as ketoconazole, and itraconazole, avoid use of ADCIRCA

Potent Inducers of CYP3A

For patients chronically taking potent inducers of CYP3A, such as rifampin, avoid use of ADCIRCA .

Potential for ADCIRCA to Affect Other Drugs

Cytochrome P450 Substrates

Tadalafil is not expected to cause clinically significant inhibition or induction of the clearance of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms (e.g., theophylline, warfarin, midazolam,lovastatin, bosentan) .

Aspirin

Tadalafil (10 mg and 20 mg once daily) does not potentiate the increase in bleeding time caused by aspirin.

P-glycoprotein (e.g., digoxin]

Coadministration of tadalafil (40 mg once daily) for 10 days did not significantly alter digoxin pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): B Pregnancy Category B — Tadalafil (tadalafil) is not indicated for use in women. There are no adequate and well controlled studies of Tadalafil use in pregnant women. Risk Summary — Based on animal data, Tadalafil is not predicted to increase the risk of adverse developmental abnormalities in humans. Animal Data — Animal reproduction studies showed no evidence of teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, or fetotoxicity when tadalafil was given to pregnant rats or mice at exposures up to 11 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 20 mg/day during organogenesis. In one of two perinatal/postnatal developmental studies in rats, postnatal pup survival decreased following maternal exposure to tadalafil doses greater than 10 times the MRHD based on AUC. Signs of maternal toxicity occurred at doses greater than 16 times the MRHD based on AUC. Surviving offspring had normal development and reproductive performance. In a rat prenatal and postnatal development study at doses of 60, 200, and 1000 mg/kg, a reduction in postnatal survival of pups was observed. The no observed effect level (NOEL) for maternal toxicity was 200 mg/kg/day and for developmental toxicity was 30 mg/kg/day. This gives approximately 16 and 10 fold exposure multiples, respectively, of the human AUC for the MRHD of 20 mg. Tadalafil and/or its metabolites cross the placenta, resulting in fetal exposure in rats.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Tadalafil in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Tadalafil during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

Tadalafil is not indicated for use in women. Tadalafil and/or its metabolites were secreted into the milk in lactating rats at concentrations approximately 2.4-fold greater than found in the plasma.

Pediatric Use

Tadalafil is not indicated for use in pediatric patients. Safety and efficacy in patients below the age of 18 years has not been established.

Geriatic Use

Of the total number of subjects in ED clinical studies of tadalafil, approximately 25 percent were 65 and over, while approximately 3 percent were 75 and over. Of the total number of subjects in BPH clinical studies of tadalafil (including the ED/BPH study), approximately 40 percent were over 65, while approximately 10 percent were 75 and over. In these clinical trials, no overall differences in efficacy or safety were observed between older (>65 and ≥75 years of age) and younger subjects (≤65 years of age). Therefore no dose adjustment is warranted based on age alone. However, a greater sensitivity to medications in some older individuals should be considered. .

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Tadalafil with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Tadalafil with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

In clinical pharmacology studies using single-dose tadalafil (5 to 10 mg), tadalafil exposure (AUC) doubled in subjects with creatinine clearance 30 to 80 mL/min. In subjects with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, there was a two-fold increase in Cmax and 2.7- to 4.8-fold increase in AUC following single-dose administration of 10 or 20 mg tadalafil. Exposure to total methylcatechol (unconjugated plus glucuronide) was 2- to 4-fold higher in subjects with renal impairment, compared to those with normal renal function. Hemodialysis (performed between 24 and 30 hours post-dose) contributed negligibly to tadalafil or metabolite elimination. In a clinical pharmacology study (N=28) at a dose of 10 mg, back pain was reported as a limiting adverse event in male patients with creatinine clearance 30 to 50 mL/min. At a dose of 5 mg, the incidence and severity of back pain was not significantly different than in the general population. In patients on hemodialysis taking 10- or 20-mg tadalafil, there were no reported cases of back pain.

Hepatic Impairment

In clinical pharmacology studies, tadalafil exposure (AUC) in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A or B) was comparable to exposure in healthy subjects when a dose of 10 mg was administered. There are no available data for doses higher than 10 mg of tadalafil in patients with hepatic impairment. Insufficient data are available for subjects with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C).

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Tadalafil in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Tadalafil in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

Oral

Monitoring

FDA Package Insert for Tadalafil contains no information regarding drug monitoring.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information about the IV Compatibility.

Overdosage

Single doses up to 500 mg have been given to healthy subjects, and multiple daily doses up to 100 mg have been given to patients. Adverse events were similar to those seen at lower doses. In cases of overdose, standard supportive measures should be adopted as required. Hemodialysis contributes negligibly to tadalafil elimination.

Pharmacology

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Tadalafil
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(6R-trans)-6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)- 2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydro-2-methyl-pyrazino [1', 2':1,6] pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione
Identifiers
CAS number	171596-29-5
ATC code	G04BE08
PubChem	110635
DrugBank	DB00820
Chemical data
Formula	Template:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox
Mol. mass	389.404 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	varies
Protein binding	94%
Metabolism	CYP3A4 (liver)
Half life	17.5 hours
Excretion	feces (> 60%), urine (> 30%)
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B
Legal status	Template:Unicode Prescription only
Routes	Oral

Mechanism of Action

Tadalafil is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with impaired release of nitric oxide by the vascular endothelium and consequent reduction of cGMP concentrations in the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. PDE5 is the predominant phosphodiesterase in the pulmonary vasculature. Inhibition of PDE5 by tadalafil increases the concentrations of cGMP resulting in relaxation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular bed.

Studies in vitro have demonstrated that tadalafil is a selective inhibitor of PDE5. PDE5 is found in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, visceral smooth muscle, corpus cavernosum, skeletal muscle, platelets, kidney, lung, cerebellum, and pancreas.

In vitro studies have shown that the effect of tadalafil is more potent on PDE5 than on other phosphodiesterases. These studies have shown that tadalafil is >10,000–fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE1, PDE2, PDE4, and PDE7 enzymes, which are found in the heart, brain, blood vessels, liver, leukocytes, skeletal muscle, and other organs. Tadalafil is >10,000–fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE3, an enzyme found in the heart and blood vessels. Additionally, tadalafil is 700–fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE6, which is found in the retina and is responsible for phototransduction. Tadalafil is >9,000-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE8, PDE9, and PDE10. Tadalafil is 14–fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE11A1 and 40–fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE11A4, two of the four known forms of PDE11. PDE11 is an enzyme found in human prostate, testes, skeletal muscle and in other tissues. In vitro, tadalafil inhibits human recombinant PDE11A1 and, to a lesser degree, PDE11A4 activities at concentrations within the therapeutic range. The physiological role and clinical consequence of PDE11 inhibition in humans have not been defined.

Structure

Tadalafil (tadalafil) is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Tadalafil has the empirical formula C22H19N3O4 representing a molecular weight of 389.41. The structural formula is:

File:Tadalafil description 01.png

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The chemical designation is pyrazino[1´,2´:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione, 6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydro-2-methyl-, (6R,12aR)-. It is a crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water and very slightly soluble in ethanol. Tadalafil is available as almond-shaped tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg of tadalafil and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, iron oxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, titanium dioxide, and triacetin.

Pharmacodynamics

Effects on Blood Pressure

Tadalafil 20 mg administered to healthy male subjects produced no significant difference compared to placebo in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure (difference in the mean maximal decrease of 1.6/0.8 mm Hg, respectively) and in standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (difference in the mean maximal decrease of 0.2/4.6 mm Hg, respectively). In addition, there was no significant effect on heart rate.

Effects on Blood Pressure When Administered with Nitrates

In clinical pharmacology studies, tadalafil (5 to 20 mg) was shown to potentiate the hypotensive effect of nitrates. Therefore, the use of Tadalafil in patients taking any form of nitrates is contraindicated . A study was conducted to assess the degree of interaction between nitroglycerin and tadalafil, should nitroglycerin be required in an emergency situation after tadalafil was taken. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 150 male subjects at least 40 years of age (including subjects with diabetes mellitus and/or controlled hypertension) and receiving daily doses of tadalafil 20 mg or matching placebo for 7 days. Subjects were administered a single dose of 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) at pre-specified timepoints, following their last dose of tadalafil (2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after tadalafil). The objective of the study was to determine when, after tadalafil dosing, no apparent blood pressure interaction was observed. In this study, a significant interaction between tadalafil and NTG was observed at each timepoint up to and including 24 hours. At 48 hours, by most hemodynamic measures, the interaction between tadalafil and NTG was not observed, although a few more tadalafil subjects compared to placebo experienced greater blood-pressure lowering at this timepoint. After 48 hours, the interaction was not detectable (see Figure 1).

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Therefore, Tadalafil administration with nitrates is contraindicated. In a patient who has taken Tadalafil , where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary in a life-threatening situation, at least 48 hours should elapse after the last dose of Tadalafil before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should still only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate hemodynamic monitoring .

Effect on Blood Pressure When Administered With Alpha-Blockers

Six randomized, double-blinded, crossover clinical pharmacology studies were conducted to investigate the potential interaction of tadalafil with alpha-blocker agents in healthy male subjects . In four studies, a single oral dose of tadalafil was administered to healthy male subjects taking daily (at least 7 days duration) an oral alpha-blocker. In two studies, a daily oral alpha-blocker (at least 7 days duration) was administered to healthy male subjects taking repeated daily doses of tadalafil. Doxazosin— Three clinical pharmacology studies were conducted with tadalafil and doxazosin, an alpha[1]-adrenergic blocker. In the first doxazosin study, a single oral dose of tadalafil 20 mg or placebo was administered in a 2-period, crossover design to healthy subjects taking oral doxazosin 8 mg daily (N=18 subjects). Doxazosin was administered at the same time as tadalafil or placebo after a minimum of seven days of doxazosin dosing (see Table 5 and Figure 2).

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Blood pressure was measured manually at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after tadalafil or placebo administration. Outliers were defined as subjects with a standing systolic blood pressure of <85 mm Hg or a decrease from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure of >30 mm Hg at one or more time points. There were nine and three outliers following administration of tadalafil 20 mg and placebo, respectively. Five and two subjects were outliers due to a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP of >30 mm Hg, while five and one subject were outliers due to standing systolic BP <85 mm Hg following tadalafil and placebo, respectively. Severe adverse events potentially related to blood-pressure effects were assessed. No such events were reported following placebo. Two such events were reported following administration of tadalafil. Vertigo was reported in one subject that began 7 hours after dosing and lasted about 5 days. This subject previously experienced a mild episode of vertigo on doxazosin and placebo. Dizziness was reported in another subject that began 25 minutes after dosing and lasted 1 day. No syncope was reported. In the second doxazosin study, a single oral dose of tadalafil 20 mg was administered to healthy subjects taking oral doxazosin, either 4 or 8 mg daily. The study (N=72 subjects) was conducted in three parts, each a 3-period crossover. In part A (N=24), subjects were titrated to doxazosin 4 mg administered daily at 8 a.m. Tadalafil was administered at either 8 a.m., 4 p.m., or 8 p.m. There was no placebo control. In part B (N=24), subjects were titrated to doxazosin 4 mg administered daily at 8 p.m. Tadalafil was administered at either 8 a.m., 4 p.m., or 8 p.m. There was no placebo control. In part C (N=24), subjects were titrated to doxazosin 8 mg administered daily at 8 a.m. In this part, tadalafil or placebo were administered at either 8 a.m. or 8 p.m. The placebo-subtracted mean maximal decreases in systolic blood pressure over a 12-hour period after dosing in the placebo-controlled portion of the study (part C) are shown in Table 6 and Figure 3.

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Blood pressure was measured by ABPM every 15 to 30 minutes for up to 36 hours after tadalafil or placebo. Subjects were categorized as outliers if one or more systolic blood pressure readings of <85 mm Hg were recorded or one or more decreases in systolic blood pressure of >30 mm Hg from a time-matched baseline occurred during the analysis interval. Of the 24 subjects in part C, 16 subjects were categorized as outliers following administration of tadalafil and 6 subjects were categorized as outliers following placebo during the 24-hour period after 8 a.m. dosing of tadalafil or placebo. Of these, 5 and 2 were outliers due to systolic BP <85 mm Hg, while 15 and 4 were outliers due to a decrease from baseline in systolic BP of >30 mm Hg following tadalafil and placebo, respectively. During the 24-hour period after 8 p.m. dosing, 17 subjects were categorized as outliers following administration of tadalafil and 7 subjects following placebo. Of these, 10 and 2 subjects were outliers due to systolic BP <85 mm Hg, while 15 and 5 subjects were outliers due to a decrease from baseline in systolic BP of >30 mm Hg, following tadalafil and placebo, respectively. Some additional subjects in both the tadalafil and placebo groups were categorized as outliers in the period beyond 24 hours. Severe adverse events potentially related to blood-pressure effects were assessed. In the study (N=72 subjects), 2 such events were reported following administration of tadalafil (symptomatic hypotension in one subject that began 10 hours after dosing and lasted approximately 1 hour, and dizziness in another subject that began 11 hours after dosing and lasted 2 minutes). No such events were reported following placebo. In the period prior to tadalafil dosing, one severe event (dizziness) was reported in a subject during the doxazosin run-in phase. In the third doxazosin study, healthy subjects (N=45 treated; 37 completed) received 28 days of once per day dosing of tadalafil 5 mg or placebo in a two-period crossover design. After 7 days, doxazosin was initiated at 1 mg and titrated up to 4 mg daily over the last 21 days of each period (7 days on 1 mg; 7 days of 2 mg; 7 days of 4 mg doxazosin). The results are shown in Table 7.

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Blood pressure was measured manually pre-dose at two time points (-30 and -15 minutes) and then at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours post dose on the first day of each doxazosin dose, (1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg), as well as on the seventh day of 4 mg doxazosin administration. Following the first dose of doxazosin 1 mg, there were no outliers on tadalafil 5 mg and one outlier on placebo due to a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP of >30 mm Hg. There were 2 outliers on tadalafil 5 mg and none on placebo following the first dose of doxazosin 2 mg due to a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP of >30 mm Hg. There were no outliers on tadalafil 5 mg and two on placebo following the first dose of doxazosin 4 mg due to a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP of >30 mm Hg. There was one outlier on tadalafil 5 mg and three on placebo following the first dose of doxazosin 4 mg due to standing systolic BP <85 mm Hg. Following the seventh day of doxazosin 4 mg, there were no outliers on tadalafil 5 mg, one subject on placebo had a decrease >30 mm Hg in standing systolic blood pressure, and one subject on placebo had standing systolic blood pressure <85 mm Hg. All adverse events potentially related to blood pressure effects were rated as mild or moderate. There were two episodes of syncope in this study, one subject following a dose of tadalafil 5 mg alone, and another subject following coadministration of tadalafil 5 mg and doxazosin 4 mg. Tamsulosin— In the first tamsulosin study, a single oral dose of tadalafil 10, 20 mg, or placebo was administered in a 3 period, crossover design to healthy subjects taking 0.4 mg once per day tamsulosin, a selective alpha[1A]-adrenergic blocker (N=18 subjects). Tadalafil or placebo was administered 2 hours after tamsulosin following a minimum of seven days of tamsulosin dosing.

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Blood pressure was measured manually at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after tadalafil or placebo dosing. There were 2, 2, and 1 outliers (subjects with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure of >30 mm Hg at one or more time points) following administration of tadalafil 10 mg, 20 mg, and placebo, respectively. There were no subjects with a standing systolic blood pressure <85 mm Hg. No severe adverse events potentially related to blood-pressure effects were reported. No syncope was reported. In the second tamsulosin study, healthy subjects (N=39 treated; and 35 completed) received 14 days of once per day dosing of tadalafil 5 mg or placebo in a two-period crossover design. Daily dosing of tamsulosin 0.4 mg was added for the last seven days of each period.

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Blood pressure was measured manually pre-dose at two time points (-30 and -15 minutes) and then at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours post dose on the first, sixth and seventh days of tamsulosin administration. There were no outliers (subjects with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure of >30 mm Hg at one or more time points). One subject on placebo plus tamsulosin (Day 7) and one subject on tadalafil plus tamsulosin (Day 6) had standing systolic blood pressure <85 mm Hg. No severe adverse events potentially related to blood pressure were reported. No syncope was reported.

Alfuzosin — A single oral dose of tadalafil 20 mg or placebo was administered in a 2-period, crossover design to healthy subjects taking once-daily alfuzosin HCl 10 mg extended-release tablets, an alpha[1]-adrenergic blocker (N=17 completed subjects). Tadalafil or placebo was administered 4 hours after alfuzosin following a minimum of seven days of alfuzosin dosing.

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Blood pressure was measured manually at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, and 24 hours after tadalafil or placebo dosing. There was 1 outlier (subject with a standing systolic blood pressure <85 mm Hg) following administration of tadalafil 20 mg. There were no subjects with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure of >30 mm Hg at one or more time points. No severe adverse events potentially related to blood pressure effects were reported. No syncope was reported.

Effects on Blood Pressure When Administered with Antihypertensives

Amlodipine — A study was conducted to assess the interaction of amlodipine (5 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. There was no effect of tadalafil on amlodipine blood levels and no effect of amlodipine on tadalafil blood levels. The mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking amlodipine was 3/2 mm Hg, compared to placebo. In a similar study using tadalafil 20 mg, there were no clinically significant differences between tadalafil and placebo in subjects taking amlodipine. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (with and without other antihypertensives) — A study was conducted to assess the interaction of angiotensin II receptor blockers and tadalafil 20 mg. Subjects in the study were taking any marketed angiotensin II receptor blocker, either alone, as a component of a combination product, or as part of a multiple antihypertensive regimen. Following dosing, ambulatory measurements of blood pressure revealed differences between tadalafil and placebo of 8/4 mm Hg in systolic/diastolic blood pressure.

Bendrofluazide — A study was conducted to assess the interaction of bendrofluazide (2.5 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking bendrofluazide was 6/4 mm Hg, compared to placebo.

Enalapril — A study was conducted to assess the interaction of enalapril (10 to 20 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking enalapril was 4/1 mm Hg, compared to placebo.

Metoprolol — A study was conducted to assess the interaction of sustained-release metoprolol (25 to 200 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking metoprolol was 5/3 mm Hg, compared to placebo.

Effects on Blood Pressure When Administered with Alcohol

Alcohol and PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, are mild systemic vasodilators. The interaction of tadalafil with alcohol was evaluated in 3 clinical pharmacology studies. In 2 of these, alcohol was administered at a dose of 0.7 g/kg, which is equivalent to approximately 6 ounces of 80-proof vodka in an 80-kg male, and tadalafil was administered at a dose of 10 mg in one study and 20 mg in another. In both these studies, all patients imbibed the entire alcohol dose within 10 minutes of starting. In one of these two studies, blood alcohol levels of 0.08% were confirmed. In these two studies, more patients had clinically significant decreases in blood pressure on the combination of tadalafil and alcohol as compared to alcohol alone. Some subjects reported postural dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension was observed in some subjects. When tadalafil 20 mg was administered with a lower dose of alcohol (0.6 g/kg, which is equivalent to approximately 4 ounces of 80-proof vodka, administered in less than 10 minutes), orthostatic hypotension was not observed, dizziness occurred with similar frequency to alcohol alone, and the hypotensive effects of alcohol were not potentiated. Tadalafil did not affect alcohol plasma concentrations and alcohol did not affect tadalafil plasma concentrations.

Effects on Exercise Stress Testing

The effects of tadalafil on cardiac function, hemodynamics, and exercise tolerance were investigated in a single clinical pharmacology study. In this blinded crossover trial, 23 subjects with stable coronary artery disease and evidence of exercise-induced cardiac ischemia were enrolled. The primary endpoint was time to cardiac ischemia. The mean difference in total exercise time was 3 seconds (tadalafil 10 mg minus placebo), which represented no clinically meaningful difference. Further statistical analysis demonstrated that tadalafil was non-inferior to placebo with respect to time to ischemia. Of note, in this study, in some subjects who received tadalafil followed by sublingual nitroglycerin in the post-exercise period, clinically significant reductions in blood pressure were observed, consistent with the augmentation by tadalafil of the blood-pressure-lowering effects of nitrates.

Effects on Vision

Single oral doses of phosphodiesterase inhibitors have demonstrated transient dose-related impairment of color discrimination (blue/green), using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, with peak effects near the time of peak plasma levels. This finding is consistent with the inhibition of PDE6, which is involved in phototransduction in the retina. In a study to assess the effects of a single dose of tadalafil 40 mg on vision (N=59), no effects were observed on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, or pupilometry. Across all clinical studies with Tadalafil , reports of changes in color vision were rare (<0.1% of patients).

Effects on Sperm Characteristics

Three studies were conducted in men to assess the potential effect on sperm characteristics of tadalafil 10 mg (one 6 month study) and 20 mg (one 6 month and one 9 month study) administered daily. There were no adverse effects on sperm morphology or sperm motility in any of the three studies. In the study of 10 mg tadalafil for 6 months and the study of 20 mg tadalafil for 9 months, results showed a decrease in mean sperm concentrations relative to placebo, although these differences were not clinically meaningful. This effect was not seen in the study of 20 mg tadalafil taken for 6 months. In addition there was no adverse effect on mean concentrations of reproductive hormones, testosterone, luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone with either 10 or 20 mg of tadalafil compared to placebo.

Effects on Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of a single 100-mg dose of tadalafil on the QT interval was evaluated at the time of peak tadalafil concentration in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo, and active (intravenous ibutilide) -controlled crossover study in 90 healthy males aged 18 to 53 years. The mean change in QTc (Fridericia QT correction) for tadalafil, relative to placebo, was 3.5 milliseconds (two-sided 90% CI=1.9, 5.1). The mean change in QTc (Individual QT correction) for tadalafil, relative to placebo, was 2.8 milliseconds (two-sided 90% CI=1.2, 4.4). A 100-mg dose of tadalafil (5 times the highest recommended dose) was chosen because this dose yields exposures covering those observed upon coadministration of tadalafil with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors or those observed in renal impairment. In this study, the mean increase in heart rate associated with a 100-mg dose of tadalafil compared to placebo was 3.1 beats per minute.

Pharmacokinetics

Over a dose range of 2.5 to 20 mg, tadalafil exposure (AUC) increases proportionally with dose in healthy subjects. Steady-state plasma concentrations are attained within 5 days of once per day dosing and exposure is approximately 1.6-fold greater than after a single dose. Mean tadalafil concentrations measured after the administration of a single oral dose of 20 mg and single and once daily multiple doses of 5 mg, from a separate study, (see Figure 4) to healthy male subjects are depicted in Figure 4.

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Absorption — After single oral-dose administration, the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of tadalafil is achieved between 30 minutes and 6 hours (median time of 2 hours). Absolute bioavailability of tadalafil following oral dosing has not been determined. The rate and extent of absorption of tadalafil are not influenced by food; thus Tadalafil may be taken with or without food.

Distribution — The mean apparent volume of distribution following oral administration is approximately 63 L, indicating that tadalafil is distributed into tissues. At therapeutic concentrations, 94% of tadalafil in plasma is bound to proteins. Less than 0.0005% of the administered dose appeared in the semen of healthy subjects.

Metabolism — Tadalafil is predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 to a catechol metabolite. The catechol metabolite undergoes extensive methylation and glucuronidation to form the methylcatechol and methylcatechol glucuronide conjugate, respectively. The major circulating metabolite is the methylcatechol glucuronide. Methylcatechol concentrations are less than 10% of glucuronide concentrations. In vitro data suggests that metabolites are not expected to be pharmacologically active at observed metabolite concentrations.

Excretion — The mean oral clearance for tadalafil is 2.5 L/hr and the mean terminal half-life is 17.5 hours in healthy subjects. Tadalafil is excreted predominantly as metabolites, mainly in the feces (approximately 61% of the dose) and to a lesser extent in the urine (approximately 36% of the dose).

Geriatric — Healthy male elderly subjects (65 years or over) had a lower oral clearance of tadalafil, resulting in 25% higher exposure (AUC) with no effect on Cmax relative to that observed in healthy subjects 19 to 45 years of age. No dose adjustment is warranted based on age alone. However, greater sensitivity to medications in some older individuals should be considered .

Pediatric — Tadalafil has not been evaluated in individuals less than 18 years old .

Patients with Diabetes Mellitus — In male patients with diabetes mellitus after a 10 mg tadalafil dose, exposure (AUC) was reduced approximately 19% and Cmax was 5% lower than that observed in healthy subjects. No dose adjustment is warranted.

Patients with BPH — In patients with BPH following single and multiple-doses of 20 mg tadalafil, no statistically significant differences in exposure (AUC and Cmax) were observed between elderly (70 to 85 years) and younger (≤60 years of age) subjects. No dose adjustment is warranted.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenesis — Tadalafil was not carcinogenic to rats or mice when administered daily for 2 years at doses up to 400 mg/kg/day. Systemic drug exposures, as measured by AUC of unbound tadalafil, were approximately 10-fold for mice, and 14- and 26-fold for male and female rats, respectively, the exposures in human males given Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 20 mg. Mutagenesis — Tadalafil was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial Ames assays or the forward mutation test in mouse lymphoma cells. Tadalafil was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test in human lymphocytes or the in vivo rat micronucleus assays. Impairment of Fertility — There were no effects on fertility, reproductive performance or reproductive organ morphology in male or female rats given oral doses of tadalafil up to 400 mg/kg/day, a dose producing AUCs for unbound tadalafil of 14-fold for males or 26-fold for females the exposures observed in human males given the MRHD of 20 mg. In beagle dogs given tadalafil daily for 3 to 12 months, there was treatment-related non-reversible degeneration and atrophy of the seminiferous tubular epithelium in the testes in 20-100% of the dogs that resulted in a decrease in spermatogenesis in 40-75% of the dogs at doses of ≥10 mg/kg/day. Systemic exposure (based on AUC) at no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) (10 mg/kg/day) for unbound tadalafil was similar to that expected in humans at the MRHD of 20 mg. There were no treatment-related testicular findings in rats or mice treated with doses up to 400 mg/kg/day for 2 years.

Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Animal studies showed vascular inflammation in tadalafil-treated mice, rats, and dogs. In mice and rats, lymphoid necrosis and hemorrhage were seen in the spleen, thymus, and mesenteric lymph nodes at unbound tadalafil exposure of 2- to 33-fold above the human exposure (AUCs) at the MRHD of 20 mg. In dogs, an increased incidence of disseminated arteritis was observed in 1- and 6-month studies at unbound tadalafil exposure of 1- to 54-fold above the human exposure (AUC) at the MRHD of 20 mg. In a 12-month dog study, no disseminated arteritis was observed, but 2 dogs exhibited marked decreases in white blood cells (neutrophils) and moderate decreases in platelets with inflammatory signs at unbound tadalafil exposures of approximately 14- to 18-fold the human exposure at the MRHD of 20 mg. The abnormal blood-cell findings were reversible within 2 weeks after stopping treatment.

Clinical Studies

Tadalafil for Use as Needed for ED

The efficacy and safety of tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction has been evaluated in 22 clinical trials of up to 24-weeks duration, involving over 4000 patients. Tadalafil , when taken as needed up to once per day, was shown to be effective in improving erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Tadalafil was studied in the general ED population in 7 randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm design, primary efficacy and safety studies of 12-weeks duration. Two of these studies were conducted in the United States and 5 were conducted in centers outside the US. Additional efficacy and safety studies were performed in ED patients with diabetes mellitus and in patients who developed ED status post bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. In these 7 trials, Tadalafil was taken as needed, at doses ranging from 2.5 to 20 mg, up to once per day. Patients were free to choose the time interval between dose administration and the time of sexual attempts. Food and alcohol intake were not restricted. Several assessment tools were used to evaluate the effect of Tadalafil on erectile function. The 3 primary outcome measures were the Erectile Function (EF) domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Questions 2 and 3 from Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP). The IIEF is a 4-week recall questionnaire that was administered at the end of a treatment-free baseline period and subsequently at follow-up visits after randomization. The IIEF EF domain has a 30-point total score, where higher scores reflect better erectile function. SEP is a diary in which patients recorded each sexual attempt made throughout the study. SEP Question 2 asks, “Were you able to insert your penis into the partner's vagina?” SEP Question 3 asks, “Did your erection last long enough for you to have successful intercourse?” The overall percentage of successful attempts to insert the penis into the vagina (SEP2) and to maintain the erection for successful intercourse (SEP3) is derived for each patient. Results in ED Population in US Trials — The 2 primary US efficacy and safety trials included a total of 402 men with erectile dysfunction, with a mean age of 59 years (range 27 to 87 years). The population was 78% White, 14% Black, 7% Hispanic, and 1% of other ethnicities, and included patients with ED of various severities, etiologies (organic, psychogenic, mixed), and with multiple co-morbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease. Most (>90%) patients reported ED of at least 1-year duration. Study A was conducted primarily in academic centers. Study B was conducted primarily in community-based urology practices. In each of these 2 trials, Tadalafil 20 mg showed clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in all 3 primary efficacy variables . The treatment effect of Tadalafil did not diminish over time.

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Results in General ED Population in Trials Outside the US — The 5 primary efficacy and safety studies conducted in the general ED population outside the US included 1112 patients, with a mean age of 59 years (range 21 to 82 years). The population was 76% White, 1% Black, 3% Hispanic, and 20% of other ethnicities, and included patients with ED of various severities, etiologies (organic, psychogenic, mixed), and with multiple co-morbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease. Most (90%) patients reported ED of at least 1-year duration. In these 5 trials, Tadalafil 5, 10, and 20 mg showed clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in all 3 primary efficacy variables (see Tables 12, 13 and 14). The treatment effect of Tadalafil did not diminish over time.

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In addition, there were improvements in EF domain scores, success rates based upon SEP Questions 2 and 3, and patient-reported improvement in erections across patients with ED of all degrees of disease severity while taking Tadalafil , compared to patients on placebo. Therefore, in all 7 primary efficacy and safety studies, Tadalafil showed statistically significant improvement in patients' ability to achieve an erection sufficient for vaginal penetration and to maintain the erection long enough for successful intercourse, as measured by the IIEF questionnaire and by SEP diaries. Efficacy Results in ED Patients with Diabetes Mellitus — Tadalafil was shown to be effective in treating ED in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes were included in all 7 primary efficacy studies in the general ED population (N=235) and in one study that specifically assessed Tadalafil in ED patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (N=216). In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-arm design prospective trial, Tadalafil demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in erectile function, as measured by the EF domain of the IIEF questionnaire and Questions 2 and 3 of the SEP diary (see Table 15).

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Efficacy Results in ED Patients following Radical Prostatectomy — Tadalafil was shown to be effective in treating patients who developed ED following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. In 1 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-arm design prospective trial in this population (N=303), Tadalafil demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in erectile function, as measured by the EF domain of the IIEF questionnaire and Questions 2 and 3 of the SEP diary (see Table 16).

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Results in Studies to Determine the Optimal Use of Tadalafil — Several studies were conducted with the objective of determining the optimal use of Tadalafil in the treatment of ED. In one of these studies, the percentage of patients reporting successful erections within 30 minutes of dosing was determined. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial, 223 patients were randomized to placebo, Tadalafil 10, or 20 mg. Using a stopwatch, patients recorded the time following dosing at which a successful erection was obtained. A successful erection was defined as at least 1 erection in 4 attempts that led to successful intercourse. At or prior to 30 minutes, 35% (26/74), 38% (28/74), and 52% (39/75) of patients in the placebo, 10-, and 20-mg groups, respectively, reported successful erections as defined above. Two studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of Tadalafil at a given timepoint after dosing, specifically at 24 hours and at 36 hours after dosing. In the first of these studies, 348 patients with ED were randomized to placebo or Tadalafil 20 mg. Patients were encouraged to make 4 total attempts at intercourse; 2 attempts were to occur at 24 hours after dosing and 2 completely separate attempts were to occur at 36 hours after dosing. The results demonstrated a difference between the placebo group and the Tadalafil group at each of the pre-specified timepoints. At the 24-hour timepoint, (more specifically, 22 to 26 hours), 53/144 (37%) patients reported at least 1 successful intercourse in the placebo group versus 84/138 (61%) in the Tadalafil 20-mg group. At the 36-hour timepoint (more specifically, 33 to 39 hours), 49/133 (37%) of patients reported at least 1 successful intercourse in the placebo group versus 88/137 (64%) in the Tadalafil 20-mg group. In the second of these studies, a total of 483 patients were evenly randomized to 1 of 6 groups: 3 different dosing groups (placebo, Tadalafil 10, or 20 mg) that were instructed to attempt intercourse at 2 different times (24 and 36 hours post-dosing). Patients were encouraged to make 4 separate attempts at their assigned dose and assigned timepoint. In this study, the results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the placebo group and the Tadalafil groups at each of the pre-specified timepoints. At the 24-hour timepoint, the mean, per patient percentage of attempts resulting in successful intercourse were 42, 56, and 67% for the placebo, Tadalafil 10-, and 20-mg groups, respectively. At the 36-hour timepoint, the mean, per-patient percentage of attempts resulting in successful intercourse were 33, 56, and 62% for placebo, Tadalafil 10-, and 20-mg groups, respectively.

Tadalafil for Once Daily Use for ED

The efficacy and safety of Tadalafil for once daily use in the treatment of erectile dysfunction has been evaluated in 2 clinical trials of 12-weeks duration and 1 clinical trial of 24-weeks duration, involving a total of 853 patients. Tadalafil , when taken once daily, was shown to be effective in improving erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Tadalafil was studied in the general ED population in 2 randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm design, primary efficacy and safety studies of 12- and 24-weeks duration, respectively. One of these studies was conducted in the United States and one was conducted in centers outside the US. An additional efficacy and safety study was performed in ED patients with diabetes mellitus. Tadalafil was taken once daily at doses ranging from 2.5 to 10 mg. Food and alcohol intake were not restricted. Timing of sexual activity was not restricted relative to when patients took Tadalafil . Results in General ED Population — The primary US efficacy and safety trial included a total of 287 patients, with a mean age of 59 years (range 25 to 82 years). The population was 86% White, 6% Black, 6% Hispanic, and 2% of other ethnicities, and included patients with ED of various severities, etiologies (organic, psychogenic, mixed), and with multiple co-morbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease. Most (>96%) patients reported ED of at least 1-year duration. The primary efficacy and safety study conducted outside the US included 268 patients, with a mean age of 56 years (range 21 to 78 years). The population was 86% White, 3% Black, 0.4% Hispanic, and 10% of other ethnicities, and included patients with ED of various severities, etiologies (organic, psychogenic, mixed), and with multiple co-morbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease. Ninety-three percent of patients reported ED of at least 1-year duration. In each of these trials, conducted without regard to the timing of dose and sexual intercourse, Tadalafil demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in erectile function, as measured by the EF domain of the IIEF questionnaire and Questions 2 and 3 of the SEP diary (see Table 17). When taken as directed, Tadalafil was effective at improving erectile function. In the 6 month double-blind study, the treatment effect of Tadalafil did not diminish over time.

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Efficacy Results in ED Patients with Diabetes Mellitus — Tadalafil for once daily use was shown to be effective in treating ED in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes were included in both studies in the general ED population (N=79). A third randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm design trial included only ED patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (N=298). In this third trial, Tadalafil demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in erectile function, as measured by the EF domain of the IIEF questionnaire and Questions 2 and 3 of the SEP diary (see Table 18).

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Tadalafil 5 mg for Once Daily Use for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

The efficacy and safety of Tadalafil for once daily use for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of BPH was evaluated in 3 randomized, multinational, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-design, efficacy and safety studies of 12 weeks duration. Two of these studies were in men with BPH and one study was specific to men with both ED and BPH . The first study (Study J) randomized 1058 patients to receive either Tadalafil 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg for once daily use or placebo. The second study (Study K) randomized 325 patients to receive either Tadalafil 5 mg for once daily use or placebo. The full study population was 87% White, 2% Black, 11% other races; 15% was of Hispanic ethnicity. Patients with multiple co-morbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease were included. The primary efficacy endpoint in the two studies that evaluated the effect of Tadalafil for the signs and symptoms of BPH was the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), a four week recall questionnaire that was administered at the beginning and end of a placebo run-in period and subsequently at follow-up visits after randomization. The IPSS assesses the severity of irritative (frequency, urgency, nocturia) and obstructive symptoms (incomplete emptying, stopping and starting, weak stream, and pushing or straining), with scores ranging from 0 to 35; higher numeric scores representing greater severity. Maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), an objective measure of urine flow, was assessed as a secondary efficacy endpoint in Study J and as a safety endpoint in Study K. The results for BPH patients with moderate to severe symptoms and a mean age of 63.2 years (range 44 to 87) who received either Tadalafil 5 mg for once daily use or placebo (N=748) in Studies J and K are shown in Table 19 and Figures 5 and 6, respectively. In each of these 2 trials, Tadalafil 5 mg for once daily use resulted in statistically significant improvement in the total IPSS compared to placebo. Mean total IPSS showed a decrease starting at the first scheduled observation (4 weeks) in Study K and remained decreased through 12 weeks.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

In Study J, the effect of Tadalafil 5 mg once daily on maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was evaluated as a secondary efficacy endpoint. Mean Qmax increased from baseline in both the treatment and placebo groups (Tadalafil 5 mg: 1.6 mL/sec, placebo: 1.2 mL/sec); however, these changes were not significantly different between groups. In Study K, the effect of Tadalafil 5 mg once daily on Qmax was evaluated as a safety endpoint. Mean Qmax increased from baseline in both the treatment and placebo groups (Tadalafil 5 mg: 1.6 mL/sec, placebo: 1.1 mL/sec); however, these changes were not significantly different between groups. Efficacy Results in Patients with BPH initiating Tadalafil and Finasteride – Tadalafil for once daily use initiated together with finasteride was shown to be effective in treating the signs and symptoms of BPH in men with an enlarged prostate (>30 cc) for up to 26 weeks. This additional double-blinded, parallel-design study of 26 weeks duration randomized 696 men to initiate either Tadalafil 5 mg with finasteride 5 mg or placebo with finasteride 5 mg. The study population had a mean age of 64 years (range 46-86). Patients with multiple co-morbid conditions such as erectile dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease were included. Tadalafil with finasteride demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of BPH compared to placebo with finasteride, as measured by the total IPSS at 12 weeks, the primary study endpoint (see Table 20). Key secondary endpoints demonstrated improvement in total IPSS starting at the first scheduled observation at week 4 (Tadalafil -4.0, placebo -2.3: p<.001) and the score remained decreased through 26 weeks (Tadalafil -5.5, placebo -4.5; p=.022). However, the magnitude of the treatment difference between placebo/finasteride and Tadalafil /finasteride decreased from 1.7 points at Week 4 to 1.0 point at Week 26, as shown in Table 20 and in Figure 7. The incremental benefit of Tadalafil beyond 26 weeks is unknown.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

In the 404 patients who had both ED and BPH at baseline, changes in erectile function were assessed as key secondary endpoints using the EF domain of the IIEF questionnaire. Tadalafil with finasteride (N=203) was compared to placebo with finasteride (N=201). A statistically significant improvement from baseline (Tadalafil /finasteride 13.7, placebo/finasteride 15.1) was observed at week 4 (Tadalafil /finasteride 3.7, placebo/finasteride -1.1; p<.001), week 12 (Tadalafil /finasteride 4.7, placebo/finasteride 0.6; p<.001), and week 26 (Tadalafil /finasteride 4.7, placebo/finasteride 0.0; p<.001).

Tadalafil 5 mg for Once Daily Use for ED and BPH

The efficacy and safety of Tadalafil for once daily use for the treatment of ED, and the signs and symptoms of BPH, in patients with both conditions was evaluated in one placebo-controlled, multinational, double-blind, parallel-arm study which randomized 606 patients to receive either Tadalafil 2.5 mg, 5 mg, for once daily use or placebo. ED severity ranged from mild to severe and BPH severity ranged from moderate to severe. The full study population had a mean age of 63 years (range 45 to 83) and was 93% White, 4% Black, 3% other races; 16% were of Hispanic ethnicity. Patients with multiple co-morbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease were included. In this study, the co-primary endpoints were total IPSS and the Erectile Function (EF) domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). One of the key secondary endpoints in this study was Question 3 of the Sexual Encounter Profile diary (SEP3). Timing of sexual activity was not restricted relative to when patients took Tadalafil . The efficacy results for patients with both ED and BPH, who received either Tadalafil 5 mg for once daily use or placebo (N=408) are shown in Tables 21 and 22 and Figure 8. Tadalafil 5 mg for once daily use resulted in statistically significant improvements in the total IPSS and in the EF domain of the IIEF questionnaire. Tadalafil 5 mg for once daily use also resulted in statistically significant improvement in SEP3. Tadalafil 2.5 mg did not result in statistically significant improvement in the total IPSS.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

In this study, the effect of Tadalafil 5 mg once daily on Qmax was evaluated as a safety endpoint. Mean Qmax increased from baseline in both the treatment and placebo groups (Tadalafil 5 mg: 1.6 mL/sec, placebo: 1.2 mL/sec); however, these changes were not significantly different between groups.

How Supplied

Tadalafil (tadalafil) is supplied as follows: Four strengths of almond-shaped tablets are available in different sizes and different shades of yellow, and supplied in the following package sizes:

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Storage

Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep out of reach of children.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

Nitrates

Physicians should discuss with patients the contraindication of Tadalafil with regular and/or intermittent use of organic nitrates. Patients should be counseled that concomitant use of Tadalafil with nitrates could cause blood pressure to suddenly drop to an unsafe level, resulting in dizziness, syncope, or even heart attack or stroke. Physicians should discuss with patients the appropriate action in the event that they experience anginal chest pain requiring nitroglycerin following intake of Tadalafil . In such a patient, who has taken Tadalafil , where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary for a life-threatening situation, at least 48 hours should have elapsed after the last dose of Tadalafil before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should still only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate hemodynamic monitoring. Therefore, patients who experience anginal chest pain after taking Tadalafil should seek immediate medical attention

Cardiovascular Considerations

Physicians should consider the potential cardiac risk of sexual activity in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Physicians should advise patients who experience symptoms upon initiation of sexual activity to refrain from further sexual activity and seek immediate medical attention .

Concomitant Use with Drugs Which Lower Blood Pressure

Physicians should discuss with patients the potential for Tadalafil to augment the blood-pressure-lowering effect of alpha-blockers and antihypertensive medications

Potential for Drug Interactions When Taking Tadalafil for Once Daily Use

Physicians should discuss with patients the clinical implications of continuous exposure to tadalafil when prescribing Tadalafil for once daily use, especially the potential for interactions with medications (e.g., nitrates, alpha-blockers, antihypertensives and potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4) and with substantial consumption of alcohol.

Priapism

There have been rare reports of prolonged erections greater than 4 hours and priapism (painful erections greater than 6 hours in duration) for this class of compounds. Priapism, if not treated promptly, can result in irreversible damage to the erectile tissue. Physicians should advise patients who have an erection lasting greater than 4 hours, whether painful or not, to seek emergency medical attention.

Sudden Loss of Vision

Physicians should advise patients to stop use of all PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil , and seek medical attention in the event of a sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes. Such an event may be a sign of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a cause of decreased vision, including possible permanent loss of vision, that has been reported rarely postmarketing in temporal association with the use of all PDE5 inhibitors. It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the use of PDE5 inhibitors or to other factors. Physicians should discuss with patients the increased risk of NAION in individuals who have already experienced NAION in one eye. Physicians should also discuss with patients the increased risk of NAION among the general population in patients with a "crowded" optic disc, although evidence is insufficient to support screening of prospective users of PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil , for this uncommon condition .

Sudden Hearing Loss

Physicians should advise patients to stop taking PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil , and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing. These events, which may be accompanied by tinnitus and dizziness, have been reported in temporal association to the intake of PDE5 inhibitors, including Tadalafil . It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to the use of PDE5 inhibitors or to other factors .

Alcohol

Patients should be made aware that both alcohol and Tadalafil , a PDE5 inhibitor, act as mild vasodilators. When mild vasodilators are taken in combination, blood-pressure-lowering effects of each individual compound may be increased. Therefore, physicians should inform patients that substantial consumption of alcohol (e.g., 5 units or greater) in combination with Tadalafil can increase the potential for orthostatic signs and symptoms, including increase in heart rate, decrease in standing blood pressure, dizziness, and headache .

Sexually Transmitted Disease

The use of Tadalafil offers no protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Counseling of patients about the protective measures necessary to guard against sexually transmitted diseases, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) should be considered.

Recommended Administration

Physicians should instruct patients on the appropriate administration of Tadalafil to allow optimal use. For Tadalafil for use as needed in men with ED, patients should be instructed to take one tablet at least 30 minutes before anticipated sexual activity. In most patients, the ability to have sexual intercourse is improved for up to 36 hours. For Tadalafil for once daily use in men with ED or ED/BPH, patients should be instructed to take one tablet at approximately the same time every day without regard for the timing of sexual activity. Tadalafil is effective at improving erectile function over the course of therapy. For Tadalafil for once daily use in men with BPH, patients should be instructed to take one tablet at approximately the same time every day.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Tadalafil interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

• Cialis
• Adcirca

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information about the Look-Alike Drug Names.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

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