View source for Vasopressin injection

{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
|authorTag={{Ammu}}
|genericName=Vasopressin
|aOrAn=a
|drugClass=anti diuretic
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal distention, in abdominal roentgenography to dispel interfering gas shadows, and in diabetes insipidus
|adverseReactions=[[anaphylaxis]], cardiac arrest, abdominal crams, [[vertigo]], bronchial constriction, utricaria , [[gangrene]]
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span></i>

* Content

<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->

<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult=* Vasopressin is indicated for prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal distention, in abdominal roentgenography to dispel interfering gas shadows, and in [[diabetes insipidus]].
* Vasopressin may be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
* Ten units of vasopressin (0.5 mL) will usually elicit full physiologic response in adult patients; 5 units will be adequate in many cases. Vasopressin should be given intramuscularly at three- or four-hour intervals as needed. The dosage should be proportionately reduced for children. 
* When determining the dose of vasopressin for a given case, the following should be kept in mind.
* It is particularly desirable to give a dose not much larger than is just sufficient to elicit the desired physiologic response.  Excessive doses may cause undesirable side effects - blanching of the skin, abdominal cramps, [[nausea]] - which, though not serious, may be alarming to the patient. Spontaneous recovery from such side effects occurs in a few minutes. It has been found that one or two glasses of water given at the time vasopressin is administered reduce such symptoms.
=====Abdominal Distention=====
* In the average postoperative adult patient, give 5 units (0.25 mL) initially, increase to 10 units (0.5 mL) at subsequent injections if necessary. It is recommended that vasopressin be given intramuscularly and that injections be repeated at three- or four-hour intervals as required. Dosage to be reduced proportionately for children.
* Vasopressin used in this manner will frequently prevent or relieve postoperative distension. These recommendations apply also to distention complicating pneumonia or other acute toxemias.
=====Abdominal Roentgenography=====
* For the average case, two injections of 10 units each (0.5 mL) are suggested. These should be given two hours and one-half hour, respectively, before films are exposed. Many roentgenologists advise giving an enema prior to the first dose of vasopressin.
=====Diabetes Insipidus=====
* Vasopressin may be given by injection or administered intranasally on cotton pledgets, by nasal spray, or by dropper. The dose by injection is 5 to 10 units (0.25 to 0.5 mL) repeated two or three times daily as needed. When vasopressin is administered intranasally by spray or on pledgets, the dosage and interval between treatments must be determined for each patient.
* Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to use, whenever solution and container permit.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.

<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.

<!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->

<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
|fdaLIADPed=There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.

<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->

<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.

<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.

<!--Contraindications-->
|contraindications=* Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.
|warnings=* This drug should not be used in patients with vascular disease, especially disease of the coronary arteries, except with extreme caution. In such patients, even small doses may precipitate anginal pain, and with larger doses, the possibility of myocardial infarction should be considered.
* Vasopressin may produce [[water intoxication]]. The early signs of [[drowsiness]], listlessness, and headaches should be recognized to prevent terminal coma and convulsions.
|postmarketing=* Local or systemic allergic reactions may occur in hypersensitive individuals. The following side effects have been reported following the administration of vasopressin.
=====Body as a Whole=====
* [[Anaphylaxis]] (cardiac arrest and/or shock) has been observed shortly after injection of vasopressin.
=====Cardiovascular=====
* Cardiac arrest, circumoral pallor, [[arrhythmias]], decreased cardiac output, [[angina]], [[myocardial ischemia]], peripheral vasoconstriction and [[gangrene]].
=====Digestive=====
* Abdominal cramps, [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], passage of gas
=====Neurologic=====
* [[Tremor]], [[vertigo]], “pounding” in head.
=====Respiratory=====
* [[Bronchial constriction]].
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
* [[Sweating]], [[urticaria]], [[cutaneous gangrene]].








<!--Drug Interactions-->
|drugInteractions=* The following drugs may potentiate the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin when used concurrently: [[carbamazepine]]; [[chlorpropamide]]; [[clofibrate]]; [[urea]]; [[fludrocortisone]]; [[tricyclic antidepressants]]. 
* The following drugs may decrease the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin when used concurrently: [[demeclocyline]]; [[norepinephrine]]; [[lithium]]; [[heparin]], alcohol. 
* Ganglionic blocking agents may produce a marked increase in sensitivity to the pressor effects of vasopressin.
|FDAPregCat=C
|useInPregnancyFDA=* Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with vasopressin. It is also not known whether vasopressin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Vasopressin should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=* Doses of vasopressin sufficient for an antidiuretic effect are not likely to produce tonic uterine contractions that could be deleterious to the fetus or threaten the continuation of the pregnancy.
|useInNursing=* Caution should be exercised when vasopressin is administered to a nursing woman.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.

<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=* Intramuscular
* Subcutaneous
* Intranasal
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


<!--IV Compatibility-->
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.

<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose=* Water intoxication may be treated with water restriction and temporary withdrawal of vasopressin until [[polyuria]] occurs. 
* Severe water intoxication may require osmotic diuresis with [[mannitol]], hypertonic dextrose, or [[urea]] alone or with [[furosemide]].
|drugBox=<!--Mechanism of Action-->
|mechAction=The antidiuretic action of vasopressin is ascribed to increasing reabsorption of water by the renal tubules.

* Vasopressin can cause contraction of [[smooth muscle]] of the gastrointestinal tract and of all parts of the vascular bed, especially the capillaries, small arterioles and venules with less effect on the smooth musculature of the large veins. The direct effect on the contractile elements is neither antagonized by adrenergic blocking agents nor prevented by vascular denervation.
|structure=* 

: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]

<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
|PD=* The majority of a dose of vasopressin is metabolized and rapidly destroyed in the liver and kidneys. Vasopressin has a plasma half-life of about 10 to 20 minutes. Approximately 5% of a subcutaneous dose of vasopressin is excreted in urine unchanged after four hours.
|PK=* Following subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of vasopressin injection, the duration of antidiuretic activity is variable but effects are usually maintained for 2-8 hours.
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.

<!--Clinical Studies-->
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.

<!--How Supplied-->
|howSupplied=*
|packLabel=<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
|fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.

<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

<!--Brand Names-->
|brandNames=* ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =  | url =  }}</ref>

<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
|lookAlike=* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher =  | date =  }}</ref>

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[[Category:Drug]]
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