View source for Sandbox ID Central Nervous System

===Brain abscess===

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===Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection===

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===Encephalitis===
:* Viruses
::* [[Adenovirus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Influenza|B virus]]
:::'''prophylactic antiviral therapy after bite or scratch'''
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Valacyclovir]]
:::'''established disease'''
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Valacyclovir]] {{or}} [[Acyclovir]] {{or}} [[Ganciclovir]]
::* [[CMV]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ganciclovir]] {{and}} [[foscarnet]]
::* [[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[EBV]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive {{and}} [[Corticosteroids]]
::* [[Hendra virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Human herpesvirus 6|HHV-6]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ganciclovir]] {{or}} [[Foscarnet]]
::* [[HIV]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[HAART]]
::* [[HSV]]-1 and -2
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Acyclovir]]
::* [[Influenza virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Oseltamivir]]
::* [[Japanese encephalitis virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[JC virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: Reversal or control of immunosuppression {{and}} [[HAART]] in patients with [[AIDS]]
::* [[La Crosse virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Measles virus]]
:::'''life-threatening disease'''
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Ribavirin]]
:::'''SSPE'''
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Ribavirin]] intrathecal 
::* [[Mumps virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Murray Valley encephalitis virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Nipah virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive {{and}} [[Ribavirin]]
::* [[Non-Polio enterovirus infections|Nonpolio enteroviruses]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive {{and}} Intraventricular γ-globulin (for chronic and/or severe disease) 
::* [[Poliovirus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Powassan virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Rabies virus]]
:::'''postxposure prophylaxis'''
::::* Preferred regimen: rabies immunoglobulin {{and}} vaccine
:::'''after onset of disease'''
::::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Rubella virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* St. Louis encephalitis virus
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
:::* Alternative regimen: IFN-a-2b 
::* Tickborne encephalitis virus
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Vaccinia]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive {{withorwithout}} [[Corticosteroids]]
::* [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[VZV]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Acyclovir]] {{withorwithout}} [[Corticosteroids]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ganciclovir]] {{withorwithout}} [[Corticosteroids]]
::* [[West Nile virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive
::* [[Western equine encephalitis virus]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive

:* Bacteria
::* [[Anaplasma phagocytophilum]] (human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis)
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]]
::* [[Bartonella bacilliformis]] ([[Oroya fever]])
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Chloramphenicol]] {{or}} [[Ciprofloxacin]]] {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] {{or}} [[Ampicillin]] {{or}} [[trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]
::* [[Bartonella henselae]] ([[Cat scratch disease]])
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]] {{or}} [[Azithromycin]] {{withorwithout}} [[Rifampin]]
::* [[Borrelia burgdorferi]] ([[Lyme disease]])
:::* preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] {{or}} [[Penicillin G]]
::* [[Coxiella burnetii]] ([[Q fever]])
:::* Preferred regimen:  [[Doxycycline]] {{and}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 
::* Ehrlichia chaffeensis (human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis)
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]]
::* [[Listeria monocytogenes]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ampicillin]] {{or}} [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] {{and}} [[Gentamicin]]
::* [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
:::'''with meningitis'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Dexamethasone]] 
:::'''without meningitis'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Isoniazid]] {{or}} [[Rifampin]] {{or}} [[Pyrazinamide]] {{or}} [[Ethambutol]] 
::* [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Azithromycin]] {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolone]] 
::* [[Rickettsia rickettsii]] ([[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]])
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]] 
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Chloramphenicol]]
::* [[Treponema pallidum]] ([[syphilis]])
:::* preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] {{or}} [[Penicillin G]]
::* [[Tropheryma whipplei]] ([[Whipple's disease]])
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] for 2–4 weeks, followed by [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] {{or}} [[Cefixime]] for 1–2 years 

:* Fungi
::* [[Coccidioides posadasii|Coccidioides]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Fluconazole]]
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Itraconazole]] {{or}} [[Voriconazole]] {{or}} [[Amphotericin B]] (intravenous and intrathecal)
::* [[Cryptococcus neoformans]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Amphotericin B]] [[deoxycholate]] {{and}} [[flucytosine]] for 2 weeks, followed by [[fluconazole]] for 8 weeks {{or}}v Lipid formulation of amphotericin B {{and}} flucytosine for 2 weeks, followed by fluconazole for 8 weeks {{or}} Amphotericin B {{and}} flucytosine for 6–10 weeks
::* [[Histoplasma capsulatum]]
:::* Preferred regimen: Liposomal amphotericin B for 4–6 weeks, followed by itraconazole for at least 1 year and until resolution of CSF abnormalities

:* Protozoa
::* [[Acanthamoeba]]
:::* Preferred regimen: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole {{and}} [[rifampin]] {{and}} [[ketoconazole]] {{or}} [[Fluconazole]] {{and}} [[sulfadiazine]] {{and}} [[pyrimethamine]]
::* [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Azithromycin]] {{or}} [[Clarithromycin]] {{and}} [[pentamidine]] {{and}} [[flucytosine]] {{and}} [[fluconazole]] {{and}} [[sulfadiazine]] {{and}} [[thioridazine]] {{or}} [[trifluoperazine]]
::* [[Naegleria fowleri]]
:::* Preferred regimen: Amphotericin B (intravenous and intrathecal) {{and}} rifampin {{and}} [[azithromycin]] {{or}} [[sulfisoxazole]] {{or}} [[miconazole]]
::* [[Plasmodium falciparum]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Quinine]] {{or}} [[quinidine]] {{or}} [[artesunate]] {{or}} [[artemether]]
:::* Alternative regimen: Atovaquone {{or}} proguanil {{or}} Exchange transfusion (less than 10% parasitemia or cere- bral malaria)
::* [[Toxoplasma gondii]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Pyrimethamine]] {{and}} [[Sulfadiazine]] {{or}} [[Clindamycin]] [[and}} [[Pyrimethamine]]
:::* Alternative regimen (1): [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]
:::* Alternative regimen (2): [[Pyrimethamine]] {{and}} atovaqone {{or}} [[Pyrimethamine]] {{and}} [[clarithromycin]] {{or}} Pyrimethamine {{and}} [[azithromycin]] {{or}} Pyrimethamine {{and}} [[dapsone]]
::* [[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]] (West African trypanosomiasis)
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Eflornithine]] {{or}} [[Melarsoprol]]
::* [[Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense]] (East African trypanosomiasis)
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Melarsoprol]]

:* Helminths
::* [[Baylisascaris|Baylisascaris procyonis]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Corticosteroids]]
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Albendazole]] {{and}} [[diethylcarbamazine]]
::* [[Gnathostoma spinigerum|Gnathostoma]]
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Albendazole]] {{or}} [[Ivermectin]]
::* [[Taenia solium]] ([[cysticercosis]])
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Albendazole]] {{or}} [[Corticosteroids]]
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Praziquantel]]

:* Prion
::* [[Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy|Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy]]
:::* Preferred regimen: supportive

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===Epidural abscess===

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===Lyme neuroborreliosis===

* Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1086/508667| issn = 1537-6591| volume = 43| issue = 9| pages = 1089–1134| last1 = Wormser| first1 = Gary P.| last2 = Dattwyler| first2 = Raymond J.| last3 = Shapiro| first3 = Eugene D.| last4 = Halperin| first4 = John J.| last5 = Steere| first5 = Allen C.| last6 = Klempner| first6 = Mark S.| last7 = Krause| first7 = Peter J.| last8 = Bakken| first8 = Johan S.| last9 = Strle| first9 = Franc| last10 = Stanek| first10 = Gerold| last11 = Bockenstedt| first11 = Linda| last12 = Fish| first12 = Durland| last13 = Dumler| first13 = J. Stephen| last14 = Nadelman| first14 = Robert B.| title = The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America| journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America| date = 2006-11-01| pmid = 17029130}}</ref>
:* Early neurologic disease
::* '''Cranial nerve palsy (adult)'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Amoxicillin]] 500 mg PO tid for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg PO bid for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Cefuroxime]] 500 mg PO bid for 14 (14–21) days
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Azithromycin]] 500 mg PO qd for 7–10 days {{or}} [[Clarithromycin]] 500 mg PO bid for 14–21 days (not for pregnant) {{or}} [[Erythromycin]] 500 mg PO qid for 14–21 days

::* '''Cranial nerve palsy (pediatric)'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Amoxicillin]] 50 mg/kg/day PO in 3 divided doses, max 500 mg/dose for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Doxycycline]] (for children aged ≥ 8 years) 4 mg/kg/day PO q12h, max 100 mg/dose for 14 (14–21) days {{or}} [[Cefuroxime]] 30 mg/kg/day PO q12h, max 500 mg/dose for 14 (14–21) days
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Azithromycin]] 10 mg/kg/day PO, max 500 mg/dose for 7–10 days {{or}} [[Clarithromycin]] 7.5 mg/kg PO bid, max 500 mg/dose for 14–21 days {{or}} [[Erythromycin]] 12.5 mg/kg PO aid, max 500 mg/dose for 14–21 days

::* '''Meningitis or radiculopathy (adult)'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 (10–28) days.
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 (10–28) days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 MU/day IV q4h for 14 (10–28) days
:::: Note: for nonpregnant adult patients intolerant of β-lactam agents, [[Doxycycline]] 200–400 mg/day PO/IV q12h may be considered.

::* '''Meningitis or radiculopathy (pediatric)'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg IV q24h, max 2 g/day for 14 (10–28) days
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV in 3–4 divided doses, max 6 g/day for 14 (10–28) days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h, max 18–24 MU/day for 14 (10–28) days
:::: Note: for children ≥ 8 years of age intolerant of β-lactam agents, [[Doxycycline]] 4–8 mg/kg/day PO/IV q12h, max 200–400 mg/day may be considered.

:* Late neurologic disease
::* '''Central or peripheral nervous system disease (adult)'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 (10–28) days
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 (10–28) days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 MU/day IV q4h for 14 (10–28) days

::* '''Central or peripheral nervous system disease (pediatric)'''
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg IV q24h, max 2 g for 14 (10–28) days.
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h, max 6 g/day for 14 (10–28) days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h, max 18–24 MU/day for 14 (10–28) days

* American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Practice Parameter<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1212/01.wnl.0000265517.66976.28| issn = 1526-632X| volume = 69| issue = 1| pages = 91–102| last1 = Halperin| first1 = J. J.| last2 = Shapiro| first2 = E. D.| last3 = Logigian| first3 = E.| last4 = Belman| first4 = A. L.| last5 = Dotevall| first5 = L.| last6 = Wormser| first6 = G. P.| last7 = Krupp| first7 = L.| last8 = Gronseth| first8 = G.| last9 = Bever| first9 = C. T.| last10 = Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology| title = Practice parameter: treatment of nervous system Lyme disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology| journal = Neurology| date = 2007-07-03| pmid = 17522387}}</ref>
:* '''Meningitis'''
::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 days {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 MU/day q4h for 14 days
::* Alternative regimen: [[Doxycycline]] 100–200 mg BID for 14 days
::* Pediatric dose: [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg/day IV q24h, max 2 g/day; [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h, max 6 g/day; [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h, max 18–24 MU/day; [[Doxycycline]] (≥ 8 y/o) 4–8 mg/kg/day q12h, max 200 mg/day

:* '''Any neurologic syndrome with CSF pleocytosis'''
::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 days {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 MU/day IV q4h for 14 days
::* Alternative regimen: [[Doxycycline]] 100–200 mg BID for 14 days
::* Pediatric dose: [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg/day IV q24h, max 2 g; [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h, max 6 g/day; [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day q4h, max 18–24 MU/day; [[Doxycycline]] (≥ 8 y/o) 4–8 mg/kg/day q12h, max 200 mg/day

:* '''Peripheral nervous system disease (radiculopathy, diffuse neuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, cranial neuropathy; normal CSF)'''
::* Preferred regimen: [[Doxycycline]] 100–200 mg BID for 14 days
::* Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 days {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 MU/day IV q4h for 14 days
::* Pediatric dose: [[Doxycycline]] (≥ 8 y/o) 4–8 mg/kg/day q12h, max 200 mg/day; [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg/day IV q24h, max 2 g/day; [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h, max 6 g/day; [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h, max 18–24 MU/day; [[Doxycycline]] (≥ 8 y/o) 4–8 mg/kg/day q12h, max 200 mg/day

:* '''Encephalomyelitis'''
::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 days {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 MU/day q4h for 14 days
::* Pediatric dose: [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg/day IV q24h, max 2 g/day; [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h, max 6 g/day; [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h, max 18–24 MU/day

:* '''Encephalopathy'''
::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q24h for 14 days {{or}} [[Cefotaxime]] 2 g IV q8h for 14 days {{or}} [[Penicillin G]] 18–24 MU/day q4h for 14 days
::* Pediatric dose: [[Ceftriaxone]] 50–75 mg/kg/day IV q24h, max 2 g/day; [[Cefotaxime]] 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h, max 6 g/day; [[Penicillin G]] 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h, max 18–24 MU/day

:* '''Post-treatment Lyme syndrome'''
::* Preferred regimen: symptomatic management; antibiotics not indicated

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===Meningitis, bacteria===

:*Streptococcus pneumoniae (adult)
::*Penicillin MIC
:::*<0.1 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 24 mU 6 times per day {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 12g 6 times per day
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day {{or}} [[chloramphenicol]] 4-6g qid
:::*0.1–1.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefepime]] 6g tid {{or}} [[meropenem]] 6g tid
:::*≥2.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid {{and}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid {{and}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD 
::*Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone MIC ≥1.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid {{and}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid {{and}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD 

:*Streptococcus pneumoniae (pediatric)
::*Penicillin MIC
:::*<0.1 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children {{or}} [[chloramphenicol]]  25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children 
:::*0.1–1.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Cefepime]] 150 mg/kg tid for children {{or}} [[meropenem]] 120 mg/kg tid for children
:::*≥2.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children {{and}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children {{and}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD 
::*Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone MIC ≥1.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children {{and}} [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children {{and}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD 

:*Neisseria meningitidis (adult)
::*Penicillin MIC
:::*<0.1 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 24 mU 6 times per day {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 12g 6 times per day
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day {{or}} [[chloramphenicol]] 4-6g qid
:::*0.1–1.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day
::::* Alternative regimen: [[chloramphenicol]] 4-6g qid {{or}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD  {{or}} [[meropenem]] 6g tid

:*Neisseria meningitidis (pediatric)
::*Penicillin MIC
:::*<0.1 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
::::* Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
:::*0.1–1.0 μg/mL
::::* Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
::::* Alternative regimen: [[chloramphenicol]]  25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children {{or}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD  {{or}} [[meropenem]] 120 mg/kg tid for children

:*Listeria monocytogenes (adult)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 24 mU 6 times per day {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 12g 6 times per day
::*Alternative regimen: [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] 10–20 mg/kg bid-qid {{or]} [[meropenem]] 6g tid

:*Listeria monocytogenes (pediatric)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
::*Alternative regimen: [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]10–20 mg/kg bid-qid for children {{or]} [[meropenem]] 120 mg/kg tid for children

:*Streptococcus agalactiae (adult)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 24 mU 6 times per day {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 12g 6 times per day
::*Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day

:*Streptococcus agalactiae (pediatric)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Penicillin G]] 0.15 mU/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 0.2 mU/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  0.3 mU/kg 4-6 times per day for children {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
::*Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children

:*Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (adult)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day
::*Alternative regimen: [[Aztreonam]] 6–8 g tid/qid {{or}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[meropenem]] 6g tid {{or}} [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] 10–20 mg/kg bid-qid {{or]} [[ampicillin]] 12g 6 times per day

:*Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (pediatric)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
::*Alternative regimen: [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[meropenem]] 120 mg/kg tid for children {{or}} [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]10–20 mg/kg bid-qid for children {{or}} [[ampicillin]] 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children

:*Pseudomonas aeruginosa (adult)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Cefepime]] 6g tid {{or}} [[ceftazidime]] 6g tid
::*Alternative regimen: [[Aztreonam]] 6–8 g tid/qid {{or}} [[ciprofloxacin]] 800–1200 mg bid/tid {or}} [[meropenem]] 6g tid

:*Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pediatric)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Cefepime]] 150 mg/kg tid for children {{or}} [[ceftazidime]]  100–150 mg/kg tid/bid for 0-7 days neonates; 150 mg/kg tid for 8-28 days neonates; 150 mg/kg tid for children
::*Alternative regimen: [[meropenem]] 120 mg/kg tid for children

:*Haemophilus influenzae (adult)
::*β-Lactamase negative
:::*Preferred regimen: [[ampicillin]] 12g 6 times per day
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day {{or}} [[Cefepime]] 6g tid {{or}} [[chloramphenicol]] 4-6g qid {{or}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD 
::*β-Lactamase positive
:::*Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 4g bid/OD {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 8-12g 4-6 times per day 
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Cefepime]] 6g tid {{or}} [[chloramphenicol]] 4-6g qid {{or}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD 

:*Haemophilus influenzae (pediatric)
::*β-Lactamase negative
:::*Preferred regimen:[[ampicillin]] 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children {{or}} [[Cefepime]] 150 mg/kg tid for children {{or}} [[chloramphenicol]]  25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children {{or}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD 
::*β-Lactamase positive
:::*Preferred regimen: [[Ceftriaxone]] 80–100 mg/kg bid/OD for children {{or}} [[cefotaxime]] 100–150 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates;  225–300 mg/kg tid/qid for children
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Cefepime]] 150 mg/kg tid for children {{or}} [[chloramphenicol]]  25 mg/kg OD for 0-7 days neonates; 50 mg/kg bid/OD for 8-28 days neonates; 75–100 mg/kg qid for children {{or}} [[Gatifloxacin]] 400 mg OD {{or}} [[moxifloxacin]] 400 mg OD

:*Staphylococcus aureus (adult)
::*Methicillin susceptible
:::*Preferred regimen:  [[Nafcillin]] 9–12 g 6 times per day {{or}} [[oxacillin]] 9–12 g 6 times per day
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid {{or}} [[meropenem]] 6g tid
::*Methicillin resistant
:::*Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] 10–20 mg/kg bid-qid {{or}} [[linezolid]]

:*Staphylococcus aureus (pediatric)
::*Methicillin susceptible
:::*Preferred regimen: [[Nafcillin]] 75 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates;  100–150 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 200 mg/kg qid for children {{or}} [[oxacillin]] 75 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 150–200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 200 mg/kg qid for children
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children {{or}} [[meropenem]] 120 mg/kg tid for children
::*Methicillin resistant
:::*Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children
:::*Alternative regimen: [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] 10–20 mg/kg bid-qid for children {{or}} [[linezolid]]

:*Staphylococcus epidermidis (adult)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid
::*Alternative regimen: [[Linezolid]]

:*Staphylococcus epidermidis (pediatric)
::*Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children 
::*Alternative regimen: [[Linezolid]]

:*Enterococcus species (adult)
::*Ampicillin susceptible
:::*Preferred regimen:  [[ampicillin]] 12g 6 times per day {{and}} [[gentamicin]] 5 mg/kg tid
::*Ampicillin resistant
:::*Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 30–45 mg/kg tid/bid {{and}} [[gentamicin]] 5 mg/kg tid
::*Ampicillin and vancomycin resistant
:::*Preferred regimen:  [[Linezolid]]

:*Enterococcus species (pediatric)
::*Ampicillin susceptible
:::*Preferred regimen:  [[ampicillin]] 150 mg/kg tid for 0-7 days neonates; 200 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 300 mg/kg qid for children {{and}} [[gentamicin]] 5 mg/kg bid for 0-7 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for 8-28 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for children
::*Ampicillin resistant
:::*Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 20–30 mg/kg bid/tid for 0-7 days neonates; 30–45 mg/kg tid/qid for 8-28 days neonates; 60 mg/kg qid for children {{and}} [[gentamicin]] 5 mg/kg bid for 0-7 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for 8-28 days neonates; 7.5 mg/kg tid for children
::*Ampicillin and vancomycin resistant
:::*Preferred regimen:  [[Linezolid]]

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===Meningitis, MRSA===

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===Meningitis, tuberculous===

:* Preferred regimen: 
:* Alternative regimen: 

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===Septic thrombosis of cavernous or dural venous sinus===

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===Septic thrombosis of cavernous or dural venous sinus, MRSA===

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===Subdural empyema===

==References==
{{reflist|2}}