View source for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors

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{{Non-Hodgkin lymphoma}}

{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AS}}
==Overview==
The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, [[autoimmune disorders]], certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to [[pesticides]], exposure to [[trichloroethylene]], [[diet]], [[obesity]], hair dyes, and occupational exposures.
==Risk Factors==
The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, [[autoimmune disorders]], certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to [[pesticides]], exposure to [[trichloroethylene]], [[diet]], [[obesity]], hair dyes, and occupational exposures.<ref name=CCS>{{cite web | title = Canadian Cancer Society Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma| url =http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/risks/?region=ab}}</ref>

{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
|+ '''Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma'''
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Known risk factors
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Possible risk factors
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Weakened immune system
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Autoimmune disorders
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Exposure to pesticides
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Certain infections
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Exposure to trichloroethylene
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Previous cancer treatment
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Diet
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Obesity
|- 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Hair dyes 
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Occupational exposures
|-
|}
===A. Known risk factors===
* The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women.
====1. Weakened immune system====
*a. Congenital immune system damage
::* Inherited disorders
:::* [[Ataxia-telangiectasia]] (AT) 
:::* [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]] 
:::* [[Severe combined immunodeficiency]] (SCID)
:::* X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder
*b. Acquired immune system damage
:* Acquired disorders
::* [[Common variable immunodeficiency]] (CVID) 
::* [[HIV]] and [[AIDS]]
:* Immunosuppressant drugs for
::* [[Organ transplant]] (such as a kidney, heart or liver transplant)
::* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
::* [[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
::* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)
====2. Autoimmune disorders====
* [[Sjogren’s syndrome]] 
:* Linked with marginal cell lymphoma 
:* Linked with [[diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]] 
:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 
:* Linked with [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]]
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE) 
:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
* [[Celiac disease]]  
:* Linked with a higher risk for [[enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma]] (EATL)
* Hashimotos thyroiditis 
:* Linked with a higher risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma
====3. Certain infections====
* [[Infection|Viral infection]] 
:* [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV) 
::* Causes [[infectious mononucleosis]] 
::* Occur most commonly in Africa
::* Linked to [[Burkitt lymphoma]]  
:* Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type 1 ([[HTLV-1]]) 
::* Most common in southern Japan and the Caribbean
::* Risk of developing adult [[T-cell lymphoma]] and [[leukemia]]
:* [[Human herpesvirus 8]] (HHV-8) 
::* Linked with [[primary effusion lymphoma]], [[body cavity lymphoma]] and [[AIDS-related lymphoma]]
:* [[Hepatitis C virus]] (HCV) and [[hepatitis B virus]] (HBV) 
::* Higher risk of developing some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
* [[Infection|Bacterial infection]] 
:* [[Helicobacter pylori]] (H. pylori) 
::* Linked with [[gastric lymphoma]]s, particularly  mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma ([[MALT lymphoma]]) 
* [[Campylobacter jejuni]] (C. jejuni) 
::* Linked with a mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma ([[MALT lymphoma]])

====4. Previous cancer treatment====
* People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy 
* People who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma for the rest of their lives
* The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma is greatest in the first 5 years after treatment
===B. Possible risk factors===
*1. Family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
:* Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance 
:* Higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people with a first-degree relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has been diagnosed with lymphoma
*2. Exposure to [[pesticides]]
:* Exposure to certain pesticides, such as [[Agent Orange]], may be linked with a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma 
*3. Exposure to [[trichloroethylene]]
:* Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal 
:* Exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma 
*4. Diet
:* Diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma 
:* Diets low in vegetables increase the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma 
*5. Obesity
:* May increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly [[large B-cell lymphoma]]
*6. Hair dyes
:* Higher risk in people who used hair dye before 1980
:* Risk affects people who used permanent dyes with dark colors in particular 
:* Risk may also be higher in hair dressers and barbers, who were exposed to the dye at work
*7. Occupational exposures
:* Farming
:* Rubber industry
:* Wood and forestry
:* Printing 
:* Welding

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Hematology}}
{{Hematological malignancy histology}}

[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Disease]]

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