View source for Aortic regurgitation precautions

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{{Aortic insufficiency}}
{{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{VK}}; {{LG}}; [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org] 

==Overview==
Aortic stenosis of any etiology is associated with a higher rate of infection of the stenosed valve, i.e. [[infective endocarditis]].<ref name="pmid7671919">{{cite journal| author=Michel PL, Acar J| title=Native cardiac disease predisposing to infective endocarditis. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 1995 | volume= 16 Suppl B | issue=  | pages= 2-6 | pmid=7671919 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7671919  }} </ref>  The American Heart Association recommended that prophylaxis against [[infective endocarditis]] be limited only to patients with either [[prosthetic heart valves]], previous episode(s) of [[endocarditis]], or with certain types of [[congenital heart disease]].<ref name="urlwww.heart.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4436 |title=www.heart.org |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-01-09}}</ref>  Patients with severe aortic stenosis should avoid strenuous exercise and any exercise that greatly increases [[afterload]] such as weight lifting.

==Antibiotic Prophylaxis==
To reduce the risk of developing [[infective endocarditis]] among high-risk patients, antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered prior to certain dental/medical/surgical procedures. Such procedures may include dental extraction, deep scaling of the teeth, gum surgery, dental implants, treatment of [[esophageal varices]], dilation of [[esophageal stricture]]s, gastrointestinal surgery where the intestinal [[mucosa]] will be disrupted, [[prostate]] surgery, [[urethral stricture]] dilation, and [[cystoscopy]]. Note that routine upper and lower GI [[endoscopy]] (i.e. [[gastroscopy]] and [[colonoscopy]]), with or without [[biopsy]], are not usually considered indications for antibiotic prophylaxis.

Not withstanding the foregoing, the American Heart Association has recently changed its recommendations regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis. Specifically, as of 2007, it is recommended that such prophylaxis be limited only to:
*Those with [[prosthetic heart valves]]
*Those with previous episode(s) of [[endocarditis]]
*Those with certain types of [[congenital heart disease]] <ref name="urlwww.heart.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4436 |title=www.heart.org |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-01-09}}</ref>

==References==
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{{Circulatory system pathology}}
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[[CME Category::Cardiology]]

[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Valvular heart disease]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Cardiac surgery]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
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