View source for Inferior vena cava syndrome

{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
  Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|I|87|1|i|80}} |
  ICDO           = |
  Image          = Renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava 1.jpg|
  Caption        = Magnetic resonance imaging: There is massive extension of renal cell carcinoma into the inferior vena cava (arrows). <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>|
  OMIM           = |
  OMIM_mult      = |
  eMedicineSubj  = emerg |
  eMedicineTopic = 2718 |
}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}} {{LRO}}



'''Inferior vena cava syndrome''' (IVCS) is a result of obstruction of the [[inferior vena cava]]. It can be caused by invasion or compression by a pathological process or by [[thrombosis]] in the vein itself. 

==Frequency==
Epidemiological data is elusive owing to the wide variety of clinical presentation. In the U.S., incidence is estimated to be at 5&ndash;10 cases per 100'000 per year.

==Causes==
===Common Causes===
*[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]]
*[[Budd-chiari syndrome]]
*[[Deep vein thrombosis]]
*[[Gastric adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Hepatic abscess]]
*[[Hepatic hemangioma]]
*[[Hepatic venous thrombosis]]
*[[Infective phlebitis]]
*[[Pancreatic pseudocysts ]]
*[[Renal vein thrombosis ]]
*[[Seminoma]]
*[[Teratoma]]
*[[Tumors]]
*[[Uterus pressure]]
*[[Vascular catheterization]]
*[[Vena caval filters]]

===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]],  [[Deep vein thrombosis]],  [[Hepatic venous thrombosis]],  [[Infective phlebitis]],  [[Pacemaker wires]],  [[Renal vein thrombosis ]],  [[Vascular catheterization ]],  [[Vena caval filters]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Oral contraceptives]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]],  [[Acute pancreatitis]],  [[Budd-chiari syndrome]],  [[Gastric adenocarcinoma]],  [[Hepatic abscess]],  [[Hepatic hemangioma]],  [[Hepatic venous thrombosis]],  [[Liver transplants]],  [[Pancreatic pseudocysts ]],  [[Psoa hematoma]],  [[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]],  [[Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Liver transplants]],  [[Pacemaker wires]],  [[Vascular catheterization ]],  [[Vena caval filters]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatic abscess]],  [[Infective phlebitis]],  [[Polycystitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Uterus pressure]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]],  [[Gastric adenocarcinoma]],  [[Hepatic hemangioma]],  [[Pancreatic pseudocysts ]],  [[Psoa hematoma]],  [[Renal angiomyolipoma]],  [[Renal cell carcinoma]],  [[Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma]],  [[Seminoma]],  [[Teratoma]],  [[Tumors]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dialysis]],  [[Nephrotic syndrome]],  [[Polycystitis]],  [[Renal angiomyolipoma]],  [[Renal cell carcinoma]],  [[Renal vein thrombosis ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}

===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
*[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]]
*[[Budd-chiari syndrome]]
*[[Deep vein thrombosis]]
*[[Dialysis]]
*[[Gastric adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Hepatic abscess]]
*[[Hepatic hemangioma]]
*[[Hepatic venous thrombosis]]
*[[Infective phlebitis]]
*[[Liver transplants]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Oral contraceptives]]
*[[Pacemaker wires]]
*[[Pancreatic pseudocysts ]]
*[[Physical trauma]]
*[[Polycystitis]]
*[[Psoa hematoma]]
*[[Renal angiomyolipoma]]
*[[Renal cell carcinoma]]
*[[Renal vein thrombosis ]]
*[[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]
*[[Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma]]
*[[Seminoma]]
*[[Teratoma]]
*[[Tumors]]
*[[Uterus pressure]]
*[[Vascular catheterization ]]
*[[Vena caval filters]]
}}

==Symptoms==
IVCS presents with a wide variety of signs and symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose clinically.
*[[Edema]] of the lower extremities
*[[Tachycardia]]
*In pregnant women, signs of fetal hypoxia and distress may be seen in the CTG



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