View source for Inguinal hernia differential diagnosis

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{{Inguinal hernia}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{F.K}}

==Overview==
Inguinal hernia must be differentiated testicular torsion, [[epididymitis]], [[hydrocele]], [[varicocele]], [[spermatocele]], [[epididymal cyst]] and [[testicular tumor]].

==Differentiating inguinal hernia from other Diseases==
*Inguinal hernia must be differentiated testicular torsion, [[epididymitis]], [[hydrocele]], [[varicocele]], [[spermatocele]], [[epididymal cyst]] and [[testicular tumor]].<ref name="pmid18244999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ |title=Inguinal hernias |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7638 |pages=269–72 |year=2008 |pmid=18244999 |pmc=2223000 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14724878">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perrott CA |title=Inguinal hernias: room for a better understanding |journal=Am J Emerg Med |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=48–50 |year=2004 |pmid=14724878 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18029925">{{cite journal |vauthors=Oh SN, Jung SE, Rha SE, Lim GY, Ku YM, Byun JY, Lee JM |title=Sonography of various cystic masses of the female groin |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=1735–42 |year=2007 |pmid=18029925 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17460003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang DM, Kim HC, Lim JW, Jin W, Ryu CW, Kim GY, Cho H |title=Sonographic findings of groin masses |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=605–14 |year=2007 |pmid=17460003 |doi= |url=}}</ref>

{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |Diseases
! colspan="4" |Clinical features
! rowspan="2" |Imaging
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
!Swelling
!Pain
!Mass
!Inguinal or scrotal
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Testicular torsion]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Scrotal
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; " |'''Doppler ultrasonography:'''

enlargement, decreased echogenicity, and absent flow 
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Epididymitis]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Scrotal
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; " |'''Doppler ultrasonography:'''

enlarged (>17 mm) [[epididymis]] with a hypoechoic, hyperechoic, or [[heterogeneous]] echotexture, increased blood flow 
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hydrocele]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inguinal]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; " |'''Ultrasound:'''

simple fluid collection
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Varicocele]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inguinal]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; " |'''Ultrasonography:'''
[[tortuous]], [[tubular]], anechoic structures adjacent to the testis corresponding to dilated veins of the [[pampiniform plexus]] with calibers of 2–3 mm during the [[Valsalva maneuver]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Spermatocele]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inguinal]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; " |'''Ultrasonography:'''
hypoechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement

'''Color doppler ultrasonography:''' 

falling snow, resulting from internal echoes moving away from the transducer
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Testicular tumor]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inguinal]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; " |'''Ultrasonography:'''

hypoechoic, smooth, round, and well-circumscribed mass
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Epididymal cyst]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inguinal]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; " |'''Ultrasound:'''

posterior acoustic enhancement, well defined anechoic lesions, larger cysts may contain septations
|}

== References ==
<references />