View source for Sideroblastic anemia (patient information)

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{{Sideroblastic anemia (patient information)}}

==Overview==
Sideroblastic anaemia is a blood condition where  body produces enough iron but is unable to put it into the haemoglobin. A sideroblast is a cell in which there is an abnormally large build up or iron. Sideroblastic anaemia is a rare disorder. Some forms of the condition are X-linked. Some forms, usually seen in adults, are acquired by exposure to alcohol, lead or drugs. 

==What are the symptoms of Sideroblastic anemia?==
* Headache
* Weaknes
* Fatigue
* Breathing difficulty
* Rapid pulse
* Irritibility
* Chest pain

==What causes Sideroblastic anemia?==
Sideroblastic anemia can be caused by heriditory or acquired factors. 

Heriditory causes of sideroblastic anemia include
*Mutations in ALAS2, ABCB7, SCL19A2, GLRX5 and PSU1 genes.
*Pearson syndrome
*DIDMOAD syndrome
*Mitochondrial SLC25A38
*Erythropoietic protoporphyria
*Acquired causes of sideroblastic anemia include:[2][3]
*Myelodysplastic syndrome
*Nutritional deficiencies (copper, vitamin B6)
*Lead poisoning
*Zinc overdose
*Alcohol
*Drugs (anti-tuberculous agents, antibiotics, progesterone, chelators, busulfan)
*Hypothermia

==Who is at highest risk?==
* Common risk factors in the development of sideroblastic anemia are 
** Male gender (X-linked SA)
** Family history of hereditary SA
** Chronic alcohol abuse
** Lead toxicity
** Drugs
**** Isoniazid
**** Pyrazinamide
**** Chloramphenicol
**** Cycloserine
**** Azathioprine
** Copper deficiency
** Pyridoxine deficiency
** Hypothermia affecting mitochondrial functions
** High dose zinc suppleme

==Diagnosis==
The diagnostic workup for sideroblastic include 
* Blood work (complete blood count, peripheral smear, iron studies) 
* Bone marrow aspiration.

==When to seek urgent medical care?==
You should go to urgent care immediatly if you experience:
* Chest pain
* Difficulty breathing
* Severe abdominal pain
* Bleeding from gums or nose
* Extreme weakness
* Fever

==Treatment options==
* There are various drugs that are used to treat sideroblastic anaemia, including pyridoxine.

* Iron overload can be treated by deferoxamine.
* Blood transfusions are also used to treat the condition

==Where to find medical care for Sideroblastic anemia?==
==Where to find Medical Care for (Disease name)?==
Medical care for (Sideroblastic anemia) can be found [https://www.google.com/maps/search/hospitals/ here].

==Prevention==
We can not prevent the heriditory sideroblastic anemia but we can take following measures to prevent acquired form of syderoblastic anemia.
** Refraining from alcohol
** Avoid excessive intake of zinc
** Nutritional supplements
** Pyridoxine prophylaxis with isoniazid
** Prenatal genetic counseling in high risk pregnancies.

==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
The prognosis depends on the severity of the disease. Finding the cause is the main factor which determines the prognosis

==Possible complications==
As sideroblastic anemia has a vast majority of causes the complications depends on the specific etiology
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Needs patient information]]
[[Category:patient information]]