View source for Eye neoplasm

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{{Eye neoplasm}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{RAK}}

{{SK}} Eye neoplasm; eye cancer

==Overview==
[[Ocular oncology]] is the branch of [[medicine]] dealing with [[tumors]] relating to the [[Human eye|eye]] and its [[adnexa]]. [[Cancer]] of the [[eye]] is very rare; however, the most common [[neoplasm]] of the eye is [[ocular]] [[melanoma]]. Eye cancer can affect all parts of the [[Human eye|eye]]. 

==Classification==

* The most common intraocular cancer in adults is uveal metastases
*'''Melanoma''' is the most common type of primary intraocular cancer in adults
**uveal melanoma
* '''Intraocular lymphoma''' is lymphoma that begins in the eyeball
** consider intraocular lymphoma to be a type of central nervous system lymphoma. Most intraocular lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
* Retinoblastoma is a rare form of childhood eye cancer.
* Hemangioma is a benign tumor of the choroid and retina that starts in the blood vessels.
* Conjunctival melanoma is a tumor of the conjunctiva
* Eyelid carcinoma (basal or squamous cell) is a variation of skin cancer. 
* '''Lacrimal gland tumor''' is a benign or malignant tumor of the glands that produce tears
*Tumors in the eye and orbit can be 
**[[Benign]] like [[dermoid cyst]]s, or
**[[Malignant]] like [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[retinoblastoma]]
* Most common '''eyelid''' tumor is [[basal cell carcinoma]]
** Can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body
** Other common eyelid cancers are [[squamous carcinoma]], sebaceous carcinoma and [[malignant melanoma]]

* Most common malignant primary '''intraocular''' tumor in '''adults''' is [[uveal melanoma]]
** Can occur in the [[choroid]], [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and [[ciliary body]]

* Most common malignant '''intraocular''' tumor in '''children''' is [[retinoblastoma]]
** Affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America
** Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%

* Most common '''orbital''' malignancy is orbital lymphoma
** Can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis
** Most patients offered [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]]

* Orbital [[dermoid cyst]]s 
** Benign choristomas 
** Usually found at the junction of sutures (most commonly fronto-zygomatic suture)
** Can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision
===Choroidal tumors===
* Choroidal [[hemangioma]]

* Choroidal [[melanoma]]

* Choroidal [[metastasis]]

* Choroidal [[nevus]]

* Choroidal [[osteoma]]

* Ciliary body [[melanoma]]

* The [[nevus of Ota]]

===Conjunctival tumors===

* Conjunctival [[Kaposi's sarcoma]]

* Epibulbar [[dermoid]]

* [[Malignant]] [[conjunctival tumors]]

* [[Lymphoma]] of the conjunctiva

* [[Melanoma]] and [[primary acquired melanosis|PAM]] with [[atypia]]

* [[Pigmented conjunctival tumors]]

* [[Pingueculum]]

* [[Pterygium]]

* [[Squamous carcinoma]] and [[intraepithelial neoplasia]] of the conjunctiva

== Risk Factors ==
[[Risk factor|Risk factors]] that increase the chance of suffering from [[cancer]] of the [[eye]] include:

* Light [[skin]] and/or blue [[eyes]]
* Exposure to [[sun]] or tanning beds
** Increase risk of [[eyelid]] [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]] or [[Melanoma|melanomas]]
* Exposure to certain [[Virus|viruses]] 
**[[Human papilloma virus]] may increase the risk of [[squamous cell carcinoma]] of [[conjunctiva]]
*[[Atypical mole]] and melanoma syndrome (originally called dysplastic nevus syndrome)

==Diagnosis==

* [[Melanomas]] ([[choroidal]], [[ciliary body]] and [[uveal]]) -  In the early stages there may be no symptoms (the person does not know there is a tumor until an [[ophthalmologist]] or [[optometrist]] looks into the eye with an [[ophthalmoscope]] during a routine test).   As the tumor grows, symptoms can be blurred vision, decreased vision, [[double vision]], eventual vision loss and if they continue to grow the [[tumor]] can break past the [[retina]] causing [[retinal detachment]]. Sometimes the tumor can be visible through the [[pupil]].

* [[Nevus]] - Are [[benign]], [[freckle]] in the eye.    These should be checked out and regular checks on the eye done to ensure it hasn't turned into a [[melanoma]].

* [[Iris]] and [[conjuctival]] tumors (melanomas) -  Presents as a dark spot.  Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.

* [[Retinoblastoma]] -  [[Strabismus]] (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes.   This tumor occurs in babies and young children.  It is called RB for short.  Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the [[red eye reflex]],  but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease.   Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be checked out.<br />

==Related Chapters==
*[[List of eye diseases and disorders]]

{{Eye tumors}}

[[Category:Ocular neoplasia]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]

{{WH}}
{{WS}}

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[[ru:Опухоли глаза]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
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