View source for Colony-stimulating factor

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'''Colony-stimulating factors''' (CSFs) are secreted [[glycoprotein]]s which bind to receptor proteins on the surfaces of [[hemopoietic stem cells]] and thereby activate [[intracellular signaling]] pathways which can cause the cells to [[proliferate]] and [[differentiate]] into a specific kind of [[blood cell]] (usually [[white blood cells]], for red blood cell formation see [[erythropoietin]]).  

==Etymology==
The name "colony-stimulating factors" comes from the method by which they were discovered.  

Hemopoietic stem cells were cultured (see [[cell culture]]) on a so-called semi solid matrix which prevents cells from moving around, so that if a single cell starts proliferating, all of the cells derived from it will remain clustered around the spot in the matrix where the first cell was originally located, and these are referred to as "colonies."  It was therefore possible to add various substances to cultures of hemopoietic stem cells and then examine which kinds of colonies (if any) were "stimulated" by them.  

The substance which was found to stimulate formation of colonies of [[macrophages]], for instance, was called [[macrophage colony-stimulating factor]], and so on.   

==Examples==
Colony-stimulating factors include:
* {{Gene|CSF1}} - [[macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
* {{Gene|CSF2}} - [[Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]s (also called GM-CSF and [[sargramostim]])
* {{Gene|CSF3}} - [[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]s (also called G-CSF and [[filgrastim]])
* Synthetic - [[Promegapoietin]]

== References ==
{{cite book | first=Bruce | last=Alberts | authorlink= | coauthors=et al. | year=2002 | title=Molecular Biology of the Cell | edition=4th | publisher=Garland Science | location=New York, NY | id=0-8153-4072-9 }}

==External links==
* {{MeshName|Colony-Stimulating+Factors}}

{{protein-stub}}
{{Glycoproteins}}
{{Cytokines}}
{{Colony-stimulating factors}} 
[[Category:Cytokines]]
[[Category:Proteins]]
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