View source for Atrial septal defect ostium secundum

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==Ostium secundum atrial septal defect==
The '''ostium secundum atrial septal defect''' is the most common type of atrial septal defect (it accounts for 60%-70% of ASDs), and comprises 6-10% of all congenital heart diseases.

The secundum atrial septal defect usually arises from an enlarged foramen ovale, inadequate growth of the septum secundum, or excessive absorption of the septum primum.  10 to 20 percent of individuals with ostium secundum ASDs also have [[mitral valve prolapse]] .<!--
  --><ref>{{cite journal | author = Leachman R, Cokkinos D, Cooley D | title = Association of ostium secundum atrial septal defects with mitral valve prolapse. | journal = Am J Cardiol | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 167-9 | year = 1976 | id = PMID 952260}}</ref>

Most individuals with an uncorrected secundum ASD don't have significant symptoms through early adulthood.  About 70% develop symptoms by the time they are in their 40s.  Symptoms are typically decreased exercise tolerance, easy fatigueability, [[palpitation]]s, and [[fainting|syncope]].

Complications of an uncorrected secundum ASD include [[pulmonary hypertension]], right-sided [[congestive heart failure|heart failure]], [[atrial fibrillation]] or [[atrial flutter|flutter]], [[cerebrovascular accident|stroke]], and [[Eisenmenger's syndrome]].

While [[pulmonary hypertension]] is unusual before 20 years of age, it is seen in 50% of individuals above the age of 40.  Progression to [[Eisenmenger's syndrome]] occurs in 5 to 10% of individuals late in the disease process.

==References==
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[[Category: Cardiology]]

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