View source for Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ventricular pacing

{{Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy}}

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [mailto:mgibson@perfuse.org]; {{AOEIC}} [[Cafer Zorkun, M.D.]] [mailto:zorkun@perfuse.org]; Caitlin J. Harrigan [mailto:charrigan@perfuse.org]; Martin S. Maron, M.D.; Barry J. Maron, M.D.; {{LG}}

==Overview==

The use of a [[artificial pacemaker|pacemaker]] has been advocated in a subset of individuals, in order to cause asynchronous contraction of the left ventricle. Since the pacemaker activates the interventricular septum before the left ventricular free wall, the gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract may decrease. The AV interval must be shortened to do this, but not at the expense of diastolic filling. This form of treatment has been shown to provide less relief of symptoms and less of a reduction in the left ventricular outflow tract gradient when compared to surgical myectomy
<ref name="Ommen, Nishimura et al 1999">Ommen SR, Nishimura RA, Squires RW, Schaff HV, Danielson GK, Tajik AJ. Comparison of dual-chamber pacing versus septal myectomy for the treatment of patients with hypertropic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a comparison of objective hemodynamic and exercise end points. ''[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology|J Am Coll Cardiol]]''. 1999 Jul; '''34'''(1):191–6. ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10400010 Medline abstract])</ref>. Dual chamber pacing does not decrease the risk of [[sudden cardiac death]] in these patients.

==2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations: Pacing (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid22075468">{{cite journal |author=Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Dearani JA, Fifer MA, Link MS, Naidu SS, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Rakowski H, Seidman CE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE, Yancy CW |title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=58 |issue=25 |pages=2703–38 |year=2011 |month=December |pmid=22075468 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.10.825 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)04383-X |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid22075469">{{cite journal |author=Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Dearani JA, Fifer MA, Link MS, Naidu SS, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Rakowski H, Seidman CE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE, Yancy CW |title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=58 |issue=25 |pages=e212–60 |year=2011 |month=December |pmid=22075469 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.011 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)02275-3 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref>==

{{cquote|

====[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]====

'''1.''' In patients with [[HCM]] who have had a dual-chamber device implanted for non-HCM indications, it is reasonable to consider a trial of dual-chamber atrial-ventricular pacing (from the right ventricular apex) for the relief of symptoms attributable to LVOT obstruction.(292,294,295,366) ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''

====[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]]====

'''1.''' Permanent pacing may be considered in medically refractory symptomatic patients with obstructive HCM who are suboptimal candidates for septal reduction therapy.(283,292,294,295,366) ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''

====[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]] (No Benefit)====

'''1.''' Permanent pacemaker implantation for the purpose of reducing gradient should not be performed in patients with HCM who are asymptomatic or whose symptoms are medically controlled.(283,284,367) ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''

'''2.''' Permanent pacemaker implantation should not be performed as a ﬁrst-line therapy to relieve symptoms in medically refractory symptomatic patients with HCM and LVOT obstruction who are candidates for septal reduction.(283,284,367) ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''}}

==2007 ESC Guidelines- Cardiac Pacing in HCM <ref name="pmid17726043">{{cite journal| author=Vardas PE, Auricchio A, Blanc JJ, Daubert JC, Drexler H, Ector H et al.| title=Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. The Task Force for Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association. | journal=Europace | year= 2007 | volume= 9 | issue= 10 | pages= 959-98 | pmid=17726043 | doi=10.1093/europace/eum189 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17726043  }} </ref>==

{{cquote|

====[[European society of cardiology#Classes of Recommendations|Class IIa]]====

'''1.''' Symptomatic [[bradycardia]] due to [[Beta blockers|beta-blockade]] when alternative therapies are unacceptable. ''([[European society of cardiology#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''

====[[European society of cardiology#Classes of Recommendations|Class IIb]]====

'''1.''' Patients with drug refractory hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with signiﬁcant resting or provoked [[LVOT]] gradient <ref name="pmid1350522">{{cite journal| author=Fananapazir L, Cannon RO, Tripodi D, Panza JA| title=Impact of dual-chamber permanent pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symptoms refractory to verapamil and beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. | journal=Circulation | year= 1992 | volume= 85 | issue= 6 | pages= 2149-61 | pmid=1350522 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid7994815">{{cite journal| author=Fananapazir L, Epstein ND, Curiel RV, Panza JA, Tripodi D, McAreavey D| title=Long-term results of dual-chamber (DDD) pacing in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Evidence for progressive symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement and reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy. | journal=Circulation | year= 1994 | volume= 90 | issue= 6 | pages= 2731-42 | pmid=7994815 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid9458416">{{cite journal| author=Kappenberger L, Linde C, Daubert C, McKenna W, Meisel E, Sadoul N et al.| title=Pacing in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. A randomized crossover study. PIC Study Group. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 1997 | volume= 18 | issue= 8 | pages= 1249-56 | pmid=9458416 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> and contraindications for [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy interventional cardiology#Alcohol septal ablation|septal ablation]] or [[septal mectomy|myectomy]]. ''([[European society of cardiology#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''

====[[European society of cardiology#Classes of Recommendations|Class III]]====

'''1.''' Asymptomatic patients. ''([[European society of cardiology#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''

'''2.''' Symptomatic patients who do not have [[LVOT]] obstruction. ''([[European society of cardiology#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''}}

==Guideline Resources==
*[http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/117/21/e350.full.pdf ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities] <ref name="Epstein"> Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM III, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices). Circulation. 2008; 117: 2820–2840. PMID 18483207 </ref>

*[http://europace.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/10/959.full.pdf The Task Force for Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in Collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association] <ref name="pmid17726043">{{cite journal| author=Vardas PE, Auricchio A, Blanc JJ, Daubert JC, Drexler H, Ector H et al.| title=Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. The Task Force for Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association. | journal=Europace | year= 2007 | volume= 9 | issue= 10 | pages= 959-98 | pmid=17726043 | doi=10.1093/europace/eum189 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17726043  }} </ref>

*[http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/58/25/e212.pdf 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy] <ref name="pmid22075468">{{cite journal |author=Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Dearani JA, Fifer MA, Link MS, Naidu SS, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Rakowski H, Seidman CE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE, Yancy CW |title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=58 |issue=25 |pages=2703–38 |year=2011 |month=December |pmid=22075468 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.10.825 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)04383-X |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref><ref name="pmid22075469">{{cite journal |author=Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Dearani JA, Fifer MA, Link MS, Naidu SS, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Rakowski H, Seidman CE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE, Yancy CW |title=2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=58 |issue=25 |pages=e212–60 |year=2011 |month=December |pmid=22075469 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.011 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)02275-3 |accessdate=2011-12-19}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Cardiomyopathy]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]

[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Template complete]]

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