View source for Acid phosphatase

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'''Acid phosphatase''' is a [[phosphatase]], a type of enzyme, used to free attached phosphate groups from other molecules during [[digestion]].It is basically a phospho homo esterase .  It is stored in [[lysosome]]s and functions when these fuse with [[endosome]]s, which are acidified while they function; therefore, it has an acid [[pH]] optimum.

Different forms of acid phosphatase are found in different [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]s, and their [[blood plasma|serum]] levels are used as a diagnostic for disease in the corresponding organs.  For example, elevated [[prostatic acid phosphatase]] levels may indicate the presence of [[prostate]] [[cancer]].

[[Acid phosphatase]] catalyzes the following reaction at an optimal pH below 7:

Orthophosphoric monoester + H<sub>2</sub>O &rarr;  alcohol + H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>

== Differential Diagnosis == 
===Common causes of Increased Acid Phosphatase === 

<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>

* [[Benign prostatic hypertrophy]]
* [[metastases|Bone metastases]]
* [[Breast Cancer]]
* [[Chronic Renal Disease]]
* [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]] ([[DIC]])
* [[Gaucher's Disease]]
* [[Hemolysis]]
* [[Hyperparathyroidism]]
* [[Leukemia]]
* [[Liver disease]]
* [[Megaloblastic anemia]]
* [[Multiple Myeloma]]
* [[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
* [[Osteosarcoma]]
* [[Paget's Disease]]
* [[Polycythemia]]
* [[Prostate Cancer]]
* Prostatic manipulation
* [[Prostatitis]]
* [[Thrombocytosis]]


===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Rheumatic fever ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Mirtazapine ]] , [[Leuprolide]] ,  [[Histrelin ]] , [[Leuprolide ]] , [[Amifostine]] , [[ Buserelin ]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cholesteatoma]] , [[Mastoiditis in adults ]] , [[Chronic otitis media ]] 
|- 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|- 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Diseases of the liver , [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] ,  [[Jaundice ]] , [[Hepatotoxicity]] , [[Alcoholic Hepatitis]]  

|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Sickle cell disease]] , Murine Leukemia  , [[Multiple myeloma  ]] , Hemolysed blood sample , [[Haemolytic anaemia]] , [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] , Diseases of spleen 

|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Rheumatic fever ]] , [[Chronic otitis media, ]]  ,  [[Mastoiditis in adults ]] ,  [[Cholesteatoma]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Paget disease of bone ]] , [[Osteopetrosis ]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Glycogen storage disease]] , [[Gaucher disease ]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Prostate cancer]] , Extrapulmonary small cell cancer , [[Prostate cancer]] , Murine Leukemia , [[Multiple myeloma ]] , [[Hairy cell leukemia]] , Bone metastases, 

|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Glucocorticoid-resistant asthma  , Extrapulmonary small cell cancer  , Diseases of lungs  
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] , [[Myopathy]] , [[Rheumatic fever ]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Prostatitis]] , [[Prostate cancer]] , Castration resistant  prostate cancer , Prostate instrumentation 

|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}

===Causes in Alphabetical Order===


*[[Alcoholic Hepatitis]]
*[[Amifostine]]
*Bone disease in diabetes mellitus 
*[[Bone metastases]]
*[[Benign prostatic hypertrophy]]
* [[Breast Cancer]]
*[[ Buserelin]]
*Castration resistant prostate cancer
*[[Cholesteatoma]]
*[[Chronic otitis media]]
*[[Chronic Renal Disease]]
*Disease of liver  
*Diseases of kidney
*Diseases of lungs 
*Diseases of spleen
*Diseases of the liver
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
*Extrapulmonary small cell cancer
*[[Gaucher disease]]
*Glucocorticoid-resistant asthma
*[[Glycogen storage disease]]
*[[Haemolytic anaemia]]
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]]
*Hemolysed blood sample
*[[Hepatotoxicity]]
*Hyperostosis corticalis deformans juvenilis
*[[Hyperparathyroidism]]
*Imiglucerase (glucocerebrosidase)
*[[Jaundice]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Leuprolide]]
*[[Liver disease]]
*[[Histrelin]]
*Mastoiditis in adults 
*[[Megaloblastic anemia]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
*[[Multiple myeloma]]
*Murine Leukemia
*[[Myopathy]]
*Osteopetrosis (benign)
*Osteopetrosis (malignant)
*[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
*[[Osteosarcoma]]
*[[Paget disease of bone]]
*[[Polycythemia]]
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
*[[Prostate cancer]]
*[[Prostatitis]]
*Prostatic manipulation
*[[Rheumatic fever]]
*[[Sickle cell disease]]
*[[Sphingomyelinase deficiency]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Thrombocytosis]]

==See also==
*[[alkaline phosphatase]]

==External links==
* {{MeshName|Acid+phosphatase}}
* {{EC number|3.1.3.2}}


{{Esterases}}


[[it:Fosfatasi]]
[[ja:酸性ホスファターゼ]]
[[Category:EC 3.1.3.2]]


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