View source for Ophthalmoparesis

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==Overview==
'''Ophthalmoparesis''' is a physical finding in certain [[neurology|neurologic]] illnesses.  It refers to paralysis of the [[extraocular muscles]] which are responsible for [[eye movements]].  It can refer to complete paralysis of the eyes, in which case it is synonymous with '''ophthalmoplegia'''.  More usually, it refers to a partial paralysis, in contrast to the complete paralysis denoted by ophthalmoplegia.

==Classification==
Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the [[superior rectus muscle|superior recti]], [[inferior rectus muscle|inferior recti]], [[medial rectus muscle|medial recti]], [[lateral rectus muscle|lateral recti]], [[inferior oblique muscle|inferior oblique]] and [[superior oblique muscle]]s.  

It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis".

Types of ophthalmoplegia are:
*[[Progressive external ophthalmoplegia]]
*[[Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia]]
==Causes==
Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system:

* The [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]] of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in [[Graves&#039; disease|Graves disease]]. 
* The [[muscle]], as in [[progressive external ophthalmoplegia]] or [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]]
* The [[neuromuscular junction]], as in [[myasthenia gravis]].
* The [[cranial nerves|cranial nerve]]s or their brainstem nuclei of the [[oculomotor nerve|oculomotor]], [[trochlear nerve|trochlear]], and [[abducens nerve|abducens]].
* White matter tracts in the brainstem, as in [[internuclear ophthalmoplegia]], an occasional finding in [[multiple sclerosis]].
* Injury to supranuclear structures, as in [[progressive supranuclear palsy]].
* Very rarely, disorders of higher brain structures, including the [[parietal lobe]]s of the cerebral cortex. 

[[Thiamine]] deficiency can cause '''ophthalmoparesis''' in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called [[Wernicke&#039;s encephalopathy|Wernicke encephalopathy]].  The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown.  Intoxication with certain substances, such as [[phenytoin]], can also cause ophthalmoparesis.

===Common Causes===
*List the most common causes here.
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Carotid artery dissection]],  [[Carotid-cavernous fistula]],  [[Aortic coarctation|Coarctation of aorta]],  [[Hypertension]],  [[Ischemia|Ischemia ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]],  [[Aralytic shellfish poisoning|Aralytic shellfish poisoning ]],  [[Venomous snake|Atractaspididae (african mole viper)]],  [[Carbamate|Carbamates]],  [[Marine toxins|Ciguatera poisoning]],  [[Snakebites (Patient information)|Cobra poisoning ]],  [[Venomous snake|Colubridae (boomslang, twig snake)]],  Crotoxin [[Venomous snake|(rattlesnake)]],  [[Venomous snake|Elapidae]],  [[Eurotoxic shellfish poisoning]],  [[Kraits]],  [[Mamba]] snake,  [[Notexin (tiger snake)]],  [[Organophosphate|Organophosphates]],  [[Scombroid food poisoning|Scombroid poisoning]],  [[Taipoxin]] (taipan),  [[Viperidae]] -[[bungarotoxin]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| 
[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminoglycoside|Aminoglycoside ]],  [[Atorvastatin]],  [[Beta blockers]],  [[Carbamate|Carbamates]],  [[Carbamazepine]],  [[Penicillamine|D-penicillamine]],  [[Quinolone|Fluoroquinolone ]],  [[Fluvastatin]],  [[Glucocorticoids]],  [[Gold]],  [[Lithium]],  [[Lovastatin]],  [[Organophosphate|Organophosphates]],  [[Phenytoin ]],  [[Pitavastatin]],  [[Pravastatin]],  [[Pregabalin]],  [[Simvastatin]],  [[Vincristine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Acute bacterial rhino[[sinusitis]],  [[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]],  [[Gradenigo-lannois syndrome]],  [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]],  [[Neck masses]],  [[Otitis media]],  [[Wildervanck syndrome]]
|- 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]],  [[Graves' disease]],  [[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]]
|- 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]],  [[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]],  [[Aralytic shellfish poisoning|Aralytic shellfish poisoning ]],  [[Venomous snake|Atractaspididae (african mole viper)]],  [[Botulism]],  [[Carbamate|Carbamates]],  [[Marine toxins|Ciguatera poisoning]],  [[Snakebites (Patient information)|Cobra poisoning ]],  [[Venomous snake|Colubridae (boomslang, twig snake)]],  Crotoxin [[Venomous snake|(rattlesnake)]],  [[Venomous snake|Elapidae]],  [[Eurotoxic shellfish poisoning]],  [[Gold]],  [[Kraits]],  [[Mamba]] snake,  [[Notexin (tiger snake)]],  [[Organophosphate|Organophosphates]],  [[Scombroid food poisoning|Scombroid poisoning]],  [[Taipoxin]] (taipan),  [[Thiamine deficiency]],  [[Tick paralysis]],  [[Toscana virus]],  [[Venomous snake|Viperidae beta-bungarotoxin]],  [[Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Inflammatory bowel disease]],  [[Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]],  [[Whipple's disease]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aarskog syndrome]],  Agenesis of [[extraocular muscles]],  [[Angelman syndrome]],  [[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]],  Autosomal-dominant [[progressive external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO),  [[Central core myopathy]],  [[Centronuclear myopathy]],  Christianson type x-linked [[mental retardation]],  Congenital fiber-type disproportion [[myopathy]],  Congenital [[fibrosis]] of [[extraocular muscles]](FEOM),  [[Diabetes mellitus]],  [[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]],  [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]],  Familial [[horizontal gaze palsy]] with progressive [[scoliosis]],  [[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration]],  [[Friedreich ataxia]],  Infantile-onset [[spinocerebellar ataxia]],  [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]],  [[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]],  [[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]],  [[Levic-stefanovic-nikolic syndrome ]],  [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy ]],  [[MELAS syndrome]],  [[Niemann-Pick disease]],  [[Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]],  [[Polycystic kidney disease ]],  [[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]],  [[Aralytic shellfish poisoning|Aralytic shellfish poisoning ]],  [[Venomous snake|Atractaspididae (african mole viper)]],  [[Brain injury]],  [[Marine toxins|Ciguatera poisoning]],  [[Snakebites (Patient information)|Cobra poisoning ]],  [[Venomous snake|Colubridae (boomslang, twig snake)]],  Crotoxin[[ Venomous snake|(rattle snake)]],  [[Eurotoxic shellfish poisoning]],  [[Eye Packing]],  [[Gold]],  [[Guillain-Barre syndrome ]],  [[Kraits]],  [[Epidural anesthesia ]],  [[Magnesium sulfate]],  [[Mamba]] snake,  [[Notexin (tiger snake)]],  [[Raised intracranial pressure]],  [[Scombroid food poisoning|Scombroid poisoning]],  [[Taipoxin]] (taipan),  [[Tick paralysis]],  [[Venomous snake|Viperidae beta-bungarotoxin]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Acute bacterial rhino[[sinusitis]],  [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]],  [[Aspergillus]],  [[Bacterial conjunctivitis]],  [[Blepharitis]],  [[Botulism]],  [[Brain abscess]],  [[Episcleritis]],  Fungal [[conjunctivitis]],  [[Infection ]],  Inflamed [[pterygium]],  [[Optic neuritis]],  [[Otitis media]],  [[Periorbital cellulitis]],  Preseptal [[cellulitis]],  [[Quaternary syphilis]],  [[Rabies]],  Rhino-orbital-cerebral [[mucormycosis ]],  [[Scleritis]],  [[Toscana virus]],  [[Tuberculosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aarskog syndrome]],  [[Angelman syndrome]],  [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor apraxia type 1,  [[Central core myopathy]],  Central nervous system [[angiitis]],  [[Centronuclear myopathy]],  Congenital fiber-type disproportion [[myopathy]],  [[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]],  [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]],  [[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]],  [[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]],  [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy ]],  Multicore [[myopathy]],  [[Myasthenia gravis]],  [[Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]],  [[Myotubular myopathy ]],  [[Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]],  [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]],  [[Angelman syndrome]],  [[Arachnoid cyst]],  [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1,  [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 2],  [[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]],  Autosomal-dominant progressive [[external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO),  Basilar artery [[migraine]],  [[Benedikt's syndrome]],  [[Berry aneurysm]],  Bickerstaff's brain stem [[encephalitis]],  [[Brain abscess]],  [[Brain injury]],  [[Brain tumour]],  [[Cavernous sinus]] dural [[arteriovenous fistula ]],  [[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]],  [[Central core myopathy]],  Central nervous system [[angiitis]],  [[Centronuclear myopathy]],  Christianson type x-linked [[mental retardation]],  [[Claude syndrome]],  [[Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)]],  [[Dermoid cyst]],  [[Foville's syndrome]],  [[Friedreich ataxia]],  [[Graves' disease]],  [[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]],  [[Guillain-Barre syndrome ]],  [[Horner's syndrome]],  Infantile-onset [[spinocerebellar ataxia]],  [[Intracranial aneurysm]],  [[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]],  [[Ischemia|Ischemia ]],  [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]],  [[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]],  [[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]],  [[Lateral medullary syndrome]],  [[Levic-stefanovic-nikolic syndrome ]],  [[Miller fisher syndrome]],  Multicore [[myopathy]],  [[Multiple sclerosis]],  [[Myasthenia gravis]],  [[Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]],  [[Myotubular myopathy ]],  [[Neuromyelitis optica]],  [[Neurosarcoidosis]],  [[Niemann-Pick disease]],  [[Nothnagel syndrome]],  [[Olivopontocerebellar]] syndrome,  [[Pancoast tumour]],  Paraneoplastic [[encephalomyelitis]],  [[Parinaud's syndrome ]],  [[Pituitary apoplexy]],  [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]],  [[Pseudoophthalmoplegia]],  [[Pseudotumor cerebri]],  [[Quaternary syphilis]],  [[Raised intracranial pressure]],  [[Raymond cestan syndrome]],  Rhino-orbital-cerebral [[mucormycosis ]],  [[Rollet syndrome ]],  [[Sturge-Weber syndrome]],  [[Subarchnoid]] [[hemorrhage]],  [[Subdural]] [[hematoma]],  [[Syringobulbia]],  [[Tick paralysis]],  [[Tolosa-hunt syndrome]],  [[Transverse myelitis]],  [[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]],  [[Weber syndrome]],  [[Wildervanck syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration]],  [[Hypermagnesemia]],  [[Hypocalcemia ]],  [[Magnesium sulfate]],  [[Niemann-Pick disease]],  [[Thiamine deficiency]],  [[Uremia]],  [[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Postnatal trauma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arachnoid cyst]],  [[Brain tumour]],  [[Carcinoma lung]],  [[Dermoid cyst]],  [[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]],  [[Melanoma]]-associated [[retinopathy]],  [[Metastasis]],  [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]],  [[Neck masses]],  [[Orbital tumors ]],  Paraneoplastic [[encephalomyelitis]], Paraneoplastic [[optic neuritis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Agenesis of [[extraocular muscles]],  [[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]],  [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1,  [[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 2,  Autosomal-dominant [[progressive external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO),  [[Bacterial conjunctivitis]],  [[Blepharitis]],  [[Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)]],  Congenital fiber-type disproportion [[myopathy]],  Congenital [[fibrosis]] of [[extraocular muscles]](FEOM),  [[Corneal erosion]],  [[Corneal ulcer]],  [[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]],  [[Ehlers Danlos syndrome]],  [[Episcleritis]],  [[Exophthalmos]],  [[Eye Packing]],  Familial horizontal gaze palsy with progressive [[scoliosis]],  Fungal [[conjunctivitis]],  Inflamed [[pterygium]],  [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]],  [[Levic-stefanovic-nikolic syndrome ]],  [[Melanoma]]-associated [[retinopathy]],  [[Neuromyelitis optica]],  [[Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]],  [[Optic neuritis]],  [[Orbital fracture]] with nerve entrapment,  [[Orbital pseudotumor]],  [[Orbital tumors ]],  Paraneoplastic [[optic neuritis]],  [[Periorbital cellulitis]],  Preseptal [[cellulitis]],  [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]],  [[Pseudoophthalmoplegia]],  [[Raymond cestan syndrome]],  Rhino-orbital-cerebral [[mucormycosis ]],  [[Rollet syndrome ]],  [[Scleritis]],  [[Sjögren's syndrome]],  [[Superior orbital fissure syndrome]],  [[Tolosa-hunt syndrome]],  [[Trachoma]],  [[Wildervanck syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoma lung]],  [[Pancoast tumour]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polycystic kidney disease ]],  [[Uremia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bickerstaff's brain stem [[encephalitis]],  [[Inflammatory bowel disease]],  [[Microscopic polyangiitis]],  [[Neurosarcoidosis]],  [[Optic neuritis]],  [[Rheumatoid arthritis]],  [[Scleroderma]],  [[Sjögren's syndrome]],  [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]],  [[Systemic sclerosis ]],  [[Wegner's syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aarskog syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brain injury]],  [[Orbital fracture]] with nerve entrapment,  [[Postnatal trauma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}

===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=84%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Aarskog  syndrome]]

*Acute bacterial rhino[[sinusitis]]

*Acute disseminated [[encephalomyelitis]]

*Agenesis of [[extraocular muscles]]

*[[Alcoholism]]

*[[Aminoglycoside ]]

*[[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]]

*[[Angelman syndrome]]

*[[Arachnoid cyst]]

*[[Aralytic shellfish poisoning]]

*[[Arias oculootoradial syndrome]]

*[[Aspergillus]]

*[[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 1

*[[Ataxia]]-oculomotor [[apraxia]] type 2

*[[Athabaskan brain stem dysgenesis]]

*[[Atorvastatin]]

*[[Venomous snake|Atractaspididae (african mole  viper)]]

*Autosomal-dominant [[progressive  external opthalmoplegia]] (adPEO)

*Bacterial [[conjunctivitis]]

*Basilar artery [[migraine]]

*[[Benedikt's syndrome]]

*[[Berry aneurysm]]

*[[Beta blockers]]

*Bickerstaff's brain stem [[encephalitis]]

*[[Blepharitis]]

*[[Botulism]]

*[[Brain abscess]]

*[[Brain injury]]

*[[Brain tumour]]

*[[Carbamates]]

*[[Carbamazepine]]

*[[Carcinoma lung]]

*[[Carotid artery dissection]]

*Carotid-cavernous [[fistulas]]

*Cavernous sinus dural [[arteriovenous  fistula]]

*[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]]

*[[Central core myopathy]]

*Central nervous system [[angiitis]]

*[[Centronuclear myopathy]]

*Christianson type x-linked [[mental retardation]]

*[[Ciguatera poisoning]]

*[[Claude syndrome]]

*[[Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)]]

*[[Coarctation of aorta]]

*[[Venomous snake|Cobra poisoning ]]

*[[Venomous snake|Colubridae (boomslang, twig snake)]]

*[[Congenital fiber-type disproportion  myopathy]]

*Congenital [[fibrosis]] of [[extraocular  muscles]](FEOM)

*[[Corneal erosion]]

*[[Corneal ulcer]]

*Crotoxin [[Venomous snake|(rattlesnake)]]

*[[Dermoid cyst]]

*[[Diabetes mellitus]]

*[[D-penicillamine]]

*[[Duane ocular retraction syndrome]]

*[[Ehlers Danlos syndrome]]

*[[Venomous snake|Elapidae]]

*[[Episcleritis]]

*[[Eurotoxic shellfish poisoning]]


{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Exophthalmos]]

*[[Eye Packing]]

*Familial horizontal gaze palsy with  progressive [[scoliosis]]

*[[Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated  neurodegeneration]]

*[[Fluoroquinolone ]]

*[[Fluvastatin]]

*[[Foville's syndrome]]

*[[Friedreich ataxia]]

*Fungal [[conjunctivitis]]

*[[Glucocorticoids]]

*[[Gold]]

*[[Gradenigo-lannois syndrome]]

*[[Graves' disease]]

*[[Growth hormone secreting pituitary  adenoma]]

*[[Guillain-Barre syndrome ]]

*[[Horner's syndrome]]

*[[Hypermagnesemia]]

*[[Hypertension]]

*[[Hypocalcemia]]

*Infantile-onset [[spinocerebellar  ataxia]]

*[[Infection ]]

*Inflamed [[pterygium]]

*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]

*Intracranial [[aneurysm]]

*[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]]

*[[Ischemia ]]

*[[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]]

*[[Koerber-Salus-Elshnig syndrome]]

*[[Kraits]]

*[[Kufor-rakeb syndrome]]

*[[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]]

*[[Lateral medullary syndrome]]

*[[Levic-stefanovic-nikolic syndrome ]]

*[[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy ]]

*[[Lithium]]

*[[Lovastatin]]

*[[Epidural anesthesia ]]

*[[Magnesium sulfate]]

*[[Mamba]] snake

*[[Melanoma]]-associated [[retinopathy]]

*[[MELAS syndrome]]

*[[Meningitis]]

*[[Metastasis]]

*[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]

*[[Miller fisher syndrome]]

*[[Mobius syndrome]]

*Multicore [[myopathy]]

*[[Multiple sclerosis]]

*[[Myasthenia gravis]]

*[[Myoneurogastrointestinal  encephalopathy syndrome]]

*Myotubular [[myopathy ]]

*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]

*[[Neck masses]]

*[[Neuromyelitis optica]]

*[[Neurosarcoidosis]]

*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]

*[[Venomous snake|Notexin (tiger snake)]]

*[[Nothnagel syndrome]]

*[[Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]]

*[[Olivopontocerebellar syndrome]]


{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Optic neuritis]]

*[[Orbital  fracture with nerve entrapment]]

*[[Orbital pseudotumor]]

*[[Orbital tumors ]]

*[[Organophosphates]]

*[[Otitis media]]

*[[Pancoast tumour]]

*Paraneoplastic [[encephalomyelitis]]

*Paraneoplastic [[optic neuritis]]

*[[Parinaud's syndrome ]]

*[[Periorbital cellulitis]]

*[[Phenytoin ]]

*[[Pitavastatin]]

*[[Pituitary apoplexy]]

*[[Polycystic kidney disease ]]

*[[Postnatal trauma]]

*[[Pravastatin]]

*[[Pregabalin]]

*Preseptal [[cellulitis]]

*[[Progressive supranuclear palsy]]

*[[Pseudoophthalmoplegia]]

*[[Pseudotumor cerebri]]

*[[Quaternary syphilis]]

*[[Rabies]]

*[[Raised intracranial pressure]]

*[[Raymond cestan syndrome]]

*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]

*Rhino-orbital-cerebral[[mucormycosis]]

*[[Rollet syndrome ]]

*[[Scleritis]]

*[[Scleroderma]]

*[[Scombroid poisoning]]

*[[Simvastatin]]

*[[Sjögren syndrome]]

*[[Steele-richardson-olszewski syndrome]]

*[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]

*Subarchnoid [[hemorrhage]]

*Subdural [[hematoma]]

*[[Superior orbital fissure syndrome]]

*[[Syringobulbia]]

*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]

*[[Systemic sclerosis ]]

*[[Taipoxin]](taipan)

*[[Thiamine deficiency]]

*[[Tick paralysis]]

*[[Tolosa-hunt syndrome]]

*[[Toscana virus]]

*[[Trachoma]]

*[[Transverse myelitis]]

*[[Tuberculosis]]

*[[Uremia]]

*[[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]]

*[[Vincristine]]

*[[Viperidae beta-bungarotoxin (krait)]]

*[[Weber syndrome]]

*[[Wegener's syndrome]]

*[[Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome]]

*[[Whipple's disease]]

*[[Wildervanck syndrome]]
{{col-end}}

==Differentiating Opthalmoparesis from other Conditions== 
*Acute cranial polyneuropathy
*[[Adie syndrome]]
*Bilateral third nerve involvement
*[[Botulism]]
*Brainstem [[stroke]]
*[[Diptheria]]
*[[Drugs]]
*Iris injury
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Myasthenia gravis]]
*[[Tetanus]]
*Midbrain lesion
*[[Vasculitis]]

==Treatment==
Treatment depend on the underlying condition.

==Related Chapters==
* [[Paresis]]

{{Eye pathology}}
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Primary care]]


[[sv:Internukleär oftalmoplegi]]
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