View source for Medical Mnemonics for Examinations

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=='''D'''ow '''J'''ones '''I'''ndustrial '''A'''verage '''C'''losing '''S'''tock '''R'''eport==
''From proximal to distal:''
'''D'''uodenum
'''J'''ejunum
'''I'''leum
'''A'''ppendix
'''C'''olon
'''S'''igmoid
'''R'''ectum

=='''D'''ow '''J'''ones '''I'''ndustrial '''C'''limbing '''A'''verage '''C'''losing '''S'''tock '''R'''eport==
''From proximal to distal:''
'''D'''uodenum
'''J'''ejunum
'''I'''leum
'''C'''ecum
'''A'''ppendix
'''C'''olon
'''S'''igmoid
'''R'''ectum

==Causes of Acute Pancreatitis==

"'''GET SMASHED'''"
'''G'''all stones
'''E'''thanol
'''T'''rauma
'''S'''teroids 
'''M'''umps
'''A'''utoimmune disease
'''S'''corpion venom
'''H'''yperlipidemia
'''E'''RCP (dye)
'''D'''rugs (Azathioprine, Asparginase, Mercaptopurines, Pentamidine)

Alcohol and Gallstones are most common causes.

==A-P-G-A-R==
Score 0-2 at 1 and 5 minutes in each of 5 categories:
A - Appearance (Color: blue/pale, trunk pink, all pink)
P - Pulse (Heart rate: 0, <100, 100+)
G - Grimace (Reflex irritability: 0, grimace, grimace+cough)
A - Activity (Muscle tone: limp, some, active)
R - Respiration (Respiratory effort: 0, irregular, regular)

10 is perfect score

==Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)==
Each of the MENs is a disease of three or two letters plus a feature, and all are Autosomal Dominant inheritance.
* MEN I is a disease of 3 P's (pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas) plus adrenal cortex
* MEN II is a disease of 2 C's(carcinoma of thyroid and catacholamines [pheochromocytoma]) plus parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous neuromas for MEN IIB (aka MEN III)
* Acute pneumonia caused by Pyogenic bacteria--PMN infiltrate
* Acute pneumonia caused by Miscellaneous microbes--Mononuclear infiltrate
* Takayasu's disease = pulseless disease, therefore when you have Takayasu's, I can't Tak'a yu pulse.

=='''CAGE''' - alcohol use screening==
* Have you ever felt it necessary to '''C'''UT DOWN on your drinking?
* Have you ever been '''A'''NNOYED when people suggest you cut down on your drinking?
* Have you ever felt '''G'''UILTY about your drinking?
* Have you ever felt the need to have a drink in the morning for an '''E'''YE OPENER?

==O-P-Q-R-S-T - eliciting and HPI and exploring symptoms==
'''O''' - '''O'''nset of pain (what was the patient doing when the pain started?)
'''P''' - '''P'''alliative or '''P'''rovocative factors for the pain
'''Q''' - '''Q'''uality of pain (burning, stabbing, aching, etc.)
'''R''' - '''R'''adiation (up to jaw, down left arm, etc.)
'''S''' - '''S'''everity of pain (usually 1 - 10 scale)
'''T''' - '''T'''iming of pain (eg: after meals, in the morning, how long it lasts, etc.)

==S-O-C-R-A-T-E-S - exploring the presenting complaint====
'''S''' - '''S'''ite of pain
'''O''' - '''O'''nset of pain
'''C''' - '''C'''haracter of pain (dull, sharp, aching, stabbing, tearing etc.)
'''R''' - '''R'''adiation of pain (eg. central abdominal pain radiating to Right Iliac Fossa)
'''A''' - '''A'''ssociated factors (eg. nausea/vomiting)
'''T''' - '''T'''iming of pain/duration
'''E''' - '''E'''xacerbating/alleviating factors
'''S''' - '''S'''everity of pain (usually 1 - 10 scale)

==A-S-C-L-A-S-T - eliciting and HPI and exploring symptoms====
'''A''' - '''A'''ggravatiing and '''A'''lleviating factors
'''S''' - '''S'''everity
'''C''' - '''C'''haracter, quality
'''L''' - '''L'''ocation
'''A''' - '''A'''ssociated symptoms
'''S''' - '''S'''etting
'''T''' - '''T'''iming

NOTE: ASCLAST means let the patient talk first, then ask him/her specific questions.

==The five '''W''''s--post-operative fever==
'''W'''ind - pneumonia, atelectasis
'''W'''ound - wound infections
'''W'''ater - urinary tract infection
'''W'''alking - walking can help reduce deep vein thromboses and pulmonary embolus
'''W'''onderdrugs - especially anesthesia

==Predisposing Conditions for Pulmonary Embolism: '''TOM SCH PREFER'''==
'''T''' - '''T'''rauma
'''O''' - '''O'''besity
'''M''' - '''M'''alignancy 
'''S''' - '''S'''urgery
'''C''' - '''C'''ardiac disease
'''H''' - '''H'''ospitalization
'''P''' - '''P'''ast history
'''R''' - '''R'''est (bed-bound)
'''E''' - '''E'''strogen, pregnancy, post-partum
'''F''' - '''F'''racture
'''E''' - '''E'''lderly
'''R''' - '''R'''oad trip

==6 '''P''' 's==
ARTERIAL OCCLUSION (Signs of Compartment Syndrome)
* Pain
* Paleness (Pallor)
* Perishing with Cold (Poikilothermia)
* Pulselessness
* Paresthesias
* Paralysis

==DAVE WILMINGTON==
To write Admission Orders to Hospital
(After noting date and time of Admission as well as Diagnosis and Condition (ADC), use the mnemonic to ensure all areas are addressed, but not all apply to every patient)
* '''D'''iet
* '''A'''ctivity
* '''V'''ital signs (how often)
* '''E'''xcrement (test urine / stool)
* '''W'''eight (how often to monitor)
* '''I''' / O (monitor input / output)
* '''L'''abs (what, how often)
* '''M'''eds (which, route, interval)
* '''I''' V fluids (what and at what rate)
* '''N'''ursing care (e.g. position, wound care, up in chair, ostomy care etc)
* '''G'''eneral care (e.g. Physical Therapy, Respiratory Thearpy etc)
* '''T'''ests (X-ray, EKG, EEG etc)
* '''O'''bserve for reaction, seizure, neuro exams
* '''N'''otify parameters (e.g. Temp > 100 / respiration changes)

==More standard is ADC VAAN DIML (pronounced ADC van dim(e)l)==
'''A'''dmit (23 hours, full admit, service of attending,...)
'''D'''iagnosis
'''C'''ondition ("Stable", "Guarded", etc.)
'''V'''itals (post-op, routine, q 1 hour, etc.)
'''A'''llergies
'''A'''ctivities (Strict bed rest, fall precautions, ad lib, bathroom privileges, etc.)
'''N'''ursing (Strict I&O's, Daily weights, Call P.R.N. whatever, etc.)
'''D'''iet (NPO, Regular, Clears - advance diet as tolerated, 2000 cal ADA, renal, etc.)
'''I'''V fluids (D5 1/2 NS c 20 KCL at 110 ml/hr, LR @ 100 ml/hr, etc.)
'''M'''eds (scheduled and PRN's)
'''L'''abs and x-ray (CBC in AM, PCXR in PACU, etc.)

Note that IV fluids follows Diet. If one writes NPO, then '''all''' such patients get maintenance fluids (use the 4-2-1 rule). 

==VITAMIN C== 
'''Causes of Diseases'''
*Vascular
*Infectious
*Trauma
*Auto-immune
*Metabolic
*Idiopathic/Iatrogenic
*Neoplastic
*Congenital

==M U D    P I L E S==
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
* '''M'''ethanol poisoning
* '''U'''remia
* '''D'''iabetic Keto-acidosis
* '''P'''ara-aldehyde ingestion
* '''I'''schemia
* '''L'''actic Acidosis
* '''E'''thanol poisoning
* '''S'''alicylate ingestion

== Causes of HyperCalcemia==
'''PAM SCHMIDT'''           OR              '''MISHAP'''
'''P'''aget's Disease                        Malignancy
'''A'''myloid                                Intoxication (hypervitaminosis) 
'''M'''ultiple Myeloma                       Sarcoidosis 
'''S'''arcoid                                Hyperparathyroidism    
'''C'''ancer                                 Alkalai ( Milk ) syndrome
'''H'''ormomal (para-thyroid)                Paget's Disease bone 
'''M'''ilk-alkali Syndrome
'''I'''mmobilization
'''D'''-vitamin overdose
'''T'''hyrotoxicosis

also consider Addison's Disease, thiazide diuretics and simple lab error

==5 SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION (as described by Celsus)===
*Redness/Erythema (Rubor)
*Raised temperature (Calor)
*Swelling (Tumor)
*Pain (Dolor)
*Loss of Function (Functio Laesa)

==ACID==
(Gell & Goombs" classification for HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS):
'''A'''nna '''C'''ycled '''I'''mmediately '''D'''ownhill
Type I   '''A'''naphylaxis
Type II  '''C'''ytotoxic-mediated
Type III '''I'''mmune-complex
Type IV  '''D'''elayed hypersensitivity

=='''N'''ever '''L'''et '''M'''onkeys '''E'''at '''B'''ananas==
* '''N'''eutrophils '''60'''%
* '''L'''ymphocytes '''30'''%
* '''M'''onocytes '''6'''%
* '''E'''osinophils '''3'''%
* '''B'''asophils '''1'''%

=='''N'''ever '''L'''et '''M'''om '''E'''at '''B'''eans" and "'''60''', '''30''', '''6''', '''3''', '''1'''==
* '''N'''eutrophils '''60'''%
* '''L'''ymphocytes '''30'''%
* '''M'''onocytes '''6'''%
* '''E'''osinophils '''3'''%
* '''B'''asophils '''1'''%

=='''N'''ice '''L'''adies '''M'''ake '''E'''aster '''B'''read" and "'''60''', '''30''', '''6''', '''3''', '''1'''==
* '''N'''eutrophils '''60'''%
* '''L'''ymphocytes '''30'''%
* '''M'''onocytes '''6'''%
* '''E'''osinophils '''3'''%
* '''B'''asophils '''1'''%

=='''Sunday Hot Day, Better Give Iced Fluids Today!'''==
Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia
S: Stop all triggering agents, give 100% O2
H: Hyperventillate
D: Dantrolene 2.5 mg/kg
B: Bicarbonate
G: Glucose and Insulin
I: IV Fluids, Cooling Blanket
F: Fluid Output; Furosemide
T: Tachycardia, be prepared to treat V Tach

=='''DISK MASS'''==
Reasons of Back Pain
'''D'''  ==   '''D'''egeneration: DJD, Osteoporosis, spondylosis
'''I'''   ==   '''I'''nfection: UTI, PID, Potts, osteomyelitis, prostatitis, Injury/fracture, compression fracture.
'''S'''  ==   '''S'''pondylitis, ankylosing Spondyloarthropathies (rheumatoid arthritis, Reiters,  SLE)
'''K'''  ==   '''K'''idney stones/infarction/infection (pyelo/abscess)

'''M'''  ==  '''M'''ultiple myeloma, '''M'''etastasis from breast, prostate, lung, thyroid, kidney CA
'''A'''  ==   '''A'''neurysm, '''A'''bdominal pain referred to the back (see acute abdominal pain)
'''S'''  ==   '''S'''lipped disk, '''S'''pondylolisthesis
'''S'''  ==   '''S'''train, '''S'''coliosis/lordosis, '''S'''kin: herpes zoster.  

==Regarding what to do in case of syncope==
If the face is red, raise the head.
If the face is pale, raise the tail!

==BRACHIAL PLEXUS==
Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches:

* Radical Teachers Drink Cold Beers
* Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers
* Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer
* Red Trucks Drive Cats Nuts

==CRANIAL NERVES==
I - olfactory 
II - optic
III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear 
V - trigeminal 
VI - abducens 
VII - facial 
VIII - acoustic (vestibulocochlear)
IX - glossophrayngeal
X - vagus
XI - accessory
XII - hypoglossal

* On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
* Our Only Object To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vagina And Hymen

==LR6 SO4 3==
* LR6 - Lateral Rectus --> CN VI Abducens
* SO4 - Superior Oblique --> CN IV Trochlear
* 3 - The remaining 4 eyeball movers --> CN III Occulomotor
* or '''LAST''': LA = '''L'''ateral Rectus - '''A'''bducens Nerve, ST = '''S'''uperior Oblique - '''T'''rochlear Nerve

==BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE==
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical
* Two Zebras Bought My Car
* Two Zebras Bit My Cookie
* To Zanzibar By Motor Car
* Ten Zulus Buggered My Cat

==INNERVATION OF PENIS==
* '''P'''arasympathetic causes erection. '''S'''ympathetic causes ejaculation. "'''P'''oint and '''S'''hoot."
* "S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor"
* Innervation of the penis by branches of the pudendal nerve, derived from spinal cord levels S2-4

==ABC'S==
* Aortic arch gives off the Bracheiocephalic trunk, the left Common Carotid, and the left Subclavian artery

=='''N(AVEL)'''==
''Order of things in the Femoral Triangle''
* Nerve
* Artery
* Vein
* Empty space
* Lymphatics

NOTE: Parenthesis includes things contained in the femoral sheath.

==Hurler syndrome features HURLER'S== 
*Heptosplenomegaly 
*Ugly facies 
*Recessive (AR inheritance) 
*L-iduronidase deficiency (alpha) 
*Eyes clouded 
*Retarded Short/ 
*Stubby fingers 

=='''CHILD HAS PROBLEM!'''==
''Down syndrome features''
* Congenital heart disease/ Cataracts
* Hypotonia/ Hypothyroidism
* Incure 5th finger/ Increased gap between 1st and 2nd toe
* Leukemia risk x2/ Lung problem
* Duodenal atresia/ Delayed development 

* Hirshsprung's disease/ Hearing loss
* Alzheimer's disease/ Alantoaxial instability
* Squint/ Short neck 

* Protruding tongue/ Palm crease
* Round face/ Rolling eye (nystagmus)
* Occiput flat/ Oblique eye fissure
* Brushfield spot/ Brachycephaly
* Low nasal bridge/ Language problem
* Epicanthic fold/ Ear folded
* Mental retardation/ Myoclonus 

=='''D'''rink at 21==
Down Syndrome - Chromosome 21

=='''P'''uberty at 13==
Patau's Syndrome - Chromosome 13

==Election voter at 18==
Edward's Syndrome - Chromosome 18

==Down syndrome pathology DOWN==
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol (maternal) 
One extra chromosome twenty-one 
Women of advanced age 
Non-disjunction during maternal meiosis 

==CUT the PY (cut the pie)==
''Pyrimidines nucleotides''
* Cytosine
* Uracil
* Thiamine the
* PYrimidines 

==CATCH 22== 
''DiGeorge/ Velocardiofacial syndrome''
* Cardiac abnormalities
* Abnormal facies
* Thymic aplasia
* Cleft palate
* Hypocalcemia
* 22q11 deletion 

==MARFAN==
# Mitral valve prolapse
# Aortic Aneurysm
# Retinal detachment
# Fibrillin
# Arachnodactyly
# Negative Nitroprusside test (differentiates from homocystinuria) 

==Go Sally Go! Make Children!== 
''Cell cycle stages''
* G1 phase (Growth phase 1)
* S phase (DNA Synthesis)
* G2 phase (Growth phase 2)
* M phase (Mitosis)
* C phase (Cytokinesis) 

==APKD==
ADult Polycystic Kidney Disease is  Autosomal Dominant 
Also, "Polycystic kidney" has 16 letters and is due to a defect on chromosome 16.

==Essential Amino Acids==
'''PriVaTe TIM HALL'''
* Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Ile, Met, His, Arg, Leu, Lys

==Urea Cycle==
'''O'''rdinarily, '''C'''areless '''C'''rappers, '''A'''re '''A'''lso '''F'''rivolous '''A'''bout '''U'''rination.
* Ornithine
* Carbamoyl
* Citrulline
* Aspartate
* Arginosuccinate
* Fumarate
* Arginine
* Urea

==People Meet And Talk==
''Cell division''
* Prophase
* Metaphase
* Anaphase
* Telophase

==5'''P''' 's for acute intermittent porphyria== 
* Pain in abdomen
* Polyneuropathy
* Psychologial abnormalities
* Pink urine
* Precipitated by drugs (eg barbiturates, oral contraceptives, sulpha drugs) 

==ABCD for BUN & creatinine elevation==
* Azotremia (pre-renal)
* Bleeding (GI)
* Catabolic status
* Diet (high protein parenteral nutrition) 

==G6PD: oxidant drugs inducing hemolytic anemia AAA== 
Antibiotic (eg: sufamethoxazole) 
Antimalarial (eg: primaquine) 
Antipyretics (eg: acetanilid, but not aspirin or acetaminophen) 
Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid) deficiency: pellagra 

==The 3'''D''' 's of pellagra==
Pellegra: Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid) deficiency
# Dermatitis
# Diarrhea
# Dementia 

==Pompe's disease: type "Police = Po + lys"==
Pompe's disease is a lysosomal storage disease (alpha 1,4 glucosidase). 

==Metabolic acidosis (normal anion-gap) causes==
#With hyperkalemia: RAISE K+: 

RTA type 4 
Aldosterone or mineralocorticord deficiency 
Iatrogenic: NH4Cl, HCl 
"Stenosis": obstructive uropathy 
Early uremia 

#With hypokalemia: ReDUCE K+: 

Renal TA type 1 and 2 

Diarrhoea 

Urine diversion into gut 

Carbonate anhydrase inhibitor 

Ex-hyperventilation 

==Galactosaemia: enzyme deficiency==
GALIPUT: Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase. 
• There is an assay called the Galiput test for this. 

==Folate deficiency: causes A FOLIC DROP==* Alcoholism
* Folic acid antagonists
* Oral contraceptives
* Low dietary intake
* Infection with Giardia
* Celiac sprue
* Dilatin
* Relative folate deficiency
* Old
* Pregnant 

==The FAT cat is in the ADEK (attic)==
''Vitamins: which are fat soluble''
Fat soluble vitamins are A,D,E,K. 

==Hemoglobin binding curve: causes of shift to right==
"CADET, face right!"
* C = Increase in carbon dioxide
* A = Acidosis (low ph)
* D = Increase in 2,3 DPG aka 2,3 BPG
* E = Exercise
* T = increase in temperature

==G proteins for respective receptors==
"QISS & QIQ" (Kiss and Kick): 

==G-proteins and their respective receptors (alphabetical order)== 
Q: alpha 1 I: alpha 2 S: beta 1 S: beta 2 & 
Q: M1 I: M2 Q: M3 

==Adrenaline mechanism==
"ABC of Adrenaline": 
* Adrenaline--> activates
* Beta receptors--> increases
* Cyclic AMP 

==Carbon monoxide: electron transport chain target==
"CO blocks CO"
Carbon monoxide (CO) blocks Cytochrome Oxidase (CO) 

==Metabolism sites==
"Use both arms to HUG": 
Heme synthesis Urea cycle Gluconeogenesis • These reactions occur in both cytoplasm and mitochondria. 

==AcetylCoA and acetacetylCoA==
"A Lighter Lease" (A LyTr LeIs): amino acids forming them
* A=AcetylCoA or Acetoacetyl CoA
* Ly=Lysine
* Tr=Tryptophan
* Le=Leucine
* Is=Isoleucine 

==Fasting state: branched-chain amino acids used by skeletal muscles==
"Muscles LIVe fast": 
* Leucine
* Isoleucine
* Valine 

==Glycolysis steps==
"Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies": 
* Glucose
* Glucose-6-P
* Fructose-6-P
* Fructose-1,6-diP
* Dihydroxyacetone-P
* Glyceraldehyde-P
* 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate
* 3-Phosphoglycerate
* 2-Phosphoglycerate (to)
* Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP] Pyruvate • 'Did', 'By' and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, and py-. 
• 'PrEPare' tells location of PEP in the process. 

==Glycolysis Enzymes==
“Hungry Peter Pan And The Growling Pink Panther Eat Pies”
Hexokinase
Phosphohexo isomerase
Phosphofructokinase-1 (6-phosphofructo-1 kinase)
Aldolase, Triose phosphate isomerase 
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate mutase 
Enolase
Pyruvate kinase

==Citric acid cycle compounds==
"Our City Is Kept Safe And Sound From Malice": 
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Isocitrate 
alpha-Ketoglutarate 
Succinyl-CoA
Succinate 
Fumarate
Malate

==Citric acid cycle compounds==
"Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money, Officer?": 
* Citrate
* Isocitrate
* alpha-Ketogluterate
* Succinyl CoA
* Succinate
* Fumerate
* Malate
* Oxaloacetate

==Citric acid cycle compounds==
"Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?": 
* Oxaloacetate
* Citrate
* Isocitrate, alpha-Ketoglutarate
* Succinyl CoA
* Succinate
* Fumarate
* Malate 

==Citric acid cycle compounds==
"Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule": 
* Oxaloacetate
* Citrate
* Isocitrate, alpha-Ketoglutarate
* Succinyl CoA
* Succinate
* Fumarate
* Malate 

==Citrate Cycle Enzymes== 
"Corrupt Anti Intelligence Agent Spoke Slander For Money."
* Citrate synthatase
* aconitase
* Isocitrate dehydrogenase
* Alpha ketogluturate dehydrogenase
* Succinyl CoA synthetase
* Succinate dehydrogenase
* Fumarase
* Malate Dehydrogenase

==Fabry's disease: FABRY'S==
* Foam cells found in glomeruli and tubules/ Febrile episodes
* Alpha galactosidase A deficiency/ Angiokeratomas
* Burning pain in extremities/ BUN increased in serum/ Boys
* Renal failure
* YX genotype (male, X linked recessive)
* Sphingolipidoses 

==B vitamin names==
"The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious": 
In increasing order: 
* Thiamine (B1)
* Riboflavin (B2)
* Niacin (B3)
* Pyridoxine (B6)
* Cobalamin (B12) 

==Essential amino acids==
PVT. TIM HALL: Phe Val Thr Trp Ile Met His Arg Leu Lys 
Pvt. is short for Private in the military. 
Arg and His are considered semiessential. 
Alternatively: "MATT VIL PHLy". 

==Golgi complex: functions==
"Golgi Distributes A SPAM": Distributes proteins and lipids from ER 
Add mannose onto specific lysosome proteins 
Sulfation of sugars and slected tyrosine 
Proteoglycan assembly 
Add O-oligosugars to serine and threnonine 
Modify N-ologosugars on asparagine 

==Catabolism steps of branched chain amino acids==
"Truck hit the Ox to Death": 
* Transamination
* Oxidative decarboxylation
* Dehydrogenation 

==Niacin deficiency==
The famous 4 D's: 
# Diarrhea
# Dermatitis
# Dementia
# Death (if untreated) 

==Creatine phosphate: amino acid precursors==
"Nice GAMs!": 
* Glycine
* Arginine
* Methionine 

==Enzymes: classification==
"Over The HILL": 
* Oxidoreductases
* Transferases
* Hydrolases
* Isomerases
* Ligases
* Lyases 

==COLLAGEN==
* C-terminal propeptide (procollagen)/ Covalent Cross links/ C vitamin/ Connective tissue/ Cartilage/ Chondroblasts/ Copper Cofactor (Covalent Cross linking)
* Outside the cell is where collagen normally functions/ Osteoblasts/ Osteogenesis imperfecta
* Lysyl hydroxylase/ Lysyl oxidase (oxidatively deaminates lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues to form collagen cross links, last
* biosynthesis step)
* Long triple helical fibers/ Ligaments
* Alpha chains/ Attached by H bonds form triple helix/ Ascorbate for hydroxylation of lysyl and prolyl residues of pro-Alpha chains
* (postranslational modification)
* Gly in every third position/ Glycosylation of hydroxyl group of hydroxylysine with Glucose and Galactose; GOlgi allows procollagen to GO outside of cell
* Extracellular matrix/ Eye (cornea, sclera)/ Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
* N-terminal propeptide (procollagen)/ Nonhelical terminal extensions 

==Essential amino acids==
"PVT. TIM HALL always argues, never tires": 
* Phe
* Val
* Thr
* Trp
* Ile
* Met
* His
* Arg
* Lue
* Lys 

==Hypervitaminosis A==
''Increased Vitamin A makes you '''HARD'''''
* Headache/ Hepatomegaly
* Anorexia/ Alopecia
* Really painful bones
* Dry skin/ Drowsiness


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[[Category:Medical Mnemonics for Examinations|Medical Mnemonics]]