View source for Bartter syndrome (patient information)

'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Bartter syndrome|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
  Name           = Bartter syndrome |
  Image          = |
  Caption        = |
  DiseasesDB     = 1254 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|E|26|8|e|20}} |
  ICD9           = {{ICD9|255.13}} |
  ICDO           = |
  OMIM           = 601678 |
  OMIM_mult      = {{OMIM2|241200}} {{OMIM2|607364}} {{OMIM2|602522}}|
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  eMedicine_mult = |
  MeshID         = D001477 |
}}
{{Bartter syndrome (patient information)}}

{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editors-In-Chief:''' Alexandra M. Palmer, [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]

==Overview==
[[Bartter syndrome]] refers to a rare group of genetic conditions that affect the [[kidneys]]. People with [[Bartter syndrome]] have a loss of [[potassium]] (hypokalemic alkalosis) and a rise in the hormone [[aldosterone]].

==What are the symptoms of Bartter syndrome?==
This disease usually occurs in childhood. Symptoms include:
*[[Constipation]]
*[[Growth failure]]
*Increased frequency of [[urination]]
*Muscle cramping and weakness

[[Gitelman syndrome]] can present with similar symptoms.

==What causes Bartter syndrome?==
In some cases, [[Bartter syndrome]] may be [[genetic]] and the condition is present from before birth ([[congenital]]).

The condition is thought to be caused by a defect in the kidney's ability to reabsorb potassium. As a result, the [[kidneys]] remove too much potassium from the body. This is also known as potassium wasting.

==Who is at highest risk?==
Anyone with a [[family history]] of [[Bartter syndrome]] is at risk.

==When to seek urgent medical care?==
Call your health care provider if your child is:
*Having [[muscle cramps]]
*Not growing well
*[[Urinating]] frequently

==Diagnosis==
The diagnosis of [[Bartter syndrome]] is usually made by finding low levels of [[potassium]] in the [[blood]]. The potassium level is usually less than 2.5 mEq/L. Unlike other forms of [[kidney disease]], this condition does not cause [[high blood pressure]]. Other signs of this syndrome include:
*High levels of [[potassium]], [[calcium]], and [[chloride]] in the [[urine]]
*High levels of the hormones [[renin]] and [[aldosterone]] in the [[blood]]
*Low blood chloride
*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]

These same signs and symptoms can also occur in people who have taken too many [[diuretics]] or [[laxatives]]. Urine tests can be done to rule out these causes.

In [[Bartter syndrome]], a [[biopsy]] of the [[kidney]] typically shows too much growth of kidney cells called the [[juxtaglomerular apparatus]]. However, this is not found in all patients, especially in young children.

==Treatment options==
[[Bartter syndrome]] is treated by keeping the blood potassium level above 3.5 mEq/L. This is done by following a diet rich in [[potassium]].

Many patients also need [[salt]] and [[magnesium]] supplements, as well as medicine that blocks the kidney's ability to get rid of [[potassium]]. High doses of [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs) may also be used.

==Where to find medical care for Bartter syndrome?==
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|Bartter syndrome}}}}&amp;sll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;sspn=65.008093,112.148438&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;spn=91.690419,149.414063&amp;z=2&amp;source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Bartter syndrome]

==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
The long-term outlook for patients with [[Bartter syndrome]] is not certain. Infants who have severe [[growth failure]] may grow normally with treatment. Although most patients remain well with ongoing treatment, some develop [[kidney failure]].

==Possible complications==
Kidney failure is a possible complication.

==Sources==
[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000308.htm National Library of Medicine]

[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics patient information]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders patient information]]
[[Category:Patient information]]
[[Category:Channelopathy]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology patient information]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Nephrology patient information]]
[[Category:For review]]


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