View source for Bovinae

{{Taxobox
| name = Bovinae
| fossil_range = [[Miocene]] to Recent
| image = Water buffalo bathing.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = [[domestic Asian Water buffalo|water buffalo]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Artiodactyla]]
| familia = [[Bovidae]]
| subfamilia = '''Bovinae'''
| subfamilia_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes
| subdivision = 
[[Bovini]]<br />
[[Boselaphini]]<br />
[[Strepsicerotini]]
}}
{{SI}}



The biological [[subfamily]] '''bovinae''' includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large sized [[ungulate]]s, including domestic [[cattle]], the [[bison]], the [[Bubalus|water buffalo]], the [[yak]], and the four-horned and spiral-horned [[antelopes]]. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than  formal sub-groups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include a [[cloven hoof]] and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having a [[Horn (anatomy)|true horn]].

In most countries, bovines are used for food. Cows are eaten almost everywhere except in [[India]], where bovines are considered sacred by [[Hindu]]s.

==Systematics and classification==
* '''FAMILY [[Bovidae|BOVIDAE]]'''
** '''Subfamily Bovinae'''
*** '''Tribe [[Boselaphini]]'''
**** Genus ''Tetracerus''
*****[[Four-horned Antelope]], ''Tetracerus quadricornis''
**** Genus ''Boselaphus''
*****[[Nilgai]] or blue bull, ''Boselaphus tragocamelus'' (not to be confused with the extinct [[Bluebuck]] ''Hippotragus leucophaeus'', [[Hippotraginae]])
*** '''Tribe [[Bovini]]'''
**** Genus ''[[Bubalus]]''
***** [[Domestic Asian Water buffalo]], ''Bubalus bubalis''
***** [[Wild Asian Water buffalo]], ''Bubalus arnee''
***** [[Lowland Anoa]], ''Bubalus depressicornis''
***** [[Mountain Anoa]], ''Bubalus quarlesi''
***** [[Tamaraw]], ''Bubalus mindorensis''
**** Genus ''[[Bos]]''
***** [[Aurochs]], ''Bos primigenius'' (extinct)
***** [[Bos javanicus|Banteng]], ''Bos javanicus''
***** [[Gaur]], ''Bos gaurus''
***** [[Gayal]], ''Bos frontalis'' (domestic gaur)
***** [[Yak]], ''Bos mutus''
***** [[Domestic Cattle]], ''[[Bos taurus]]'' (increasingly considered a subspecies of ''Bos primigenius'')
***** [[Kouprey]], ''Bos sauveli''
**** Genus ''[[Pseudonovibos]]'' 
***** [[Kting Voar]], ''Pseudonovibos spiralis''
**** Genus ''Pseudoryx''
***** [[Saola]], ''Pseudoryx nghetinhensis''
**** Genus ''Syncerus''
***** [[African Buffalo]], ''Syncerus caffer''
**** Genus ''Bison''
***** [[American Bison]], ''Bison bison''
***** [[Wisent]], ''Bison bonasus''
***** [[Steppe Wisent]], ''Bison priscus'' (extinct)
*** '''Tribe [[Strepsicerotini]]'''
**** Genus ''[[Tragelaphus]]'' ([[antelope|antelope-like]])
***** [[Sitatunga]], ''Tragelaphus spekeii''
***** [[Nyala]], ''Tragelaphus angasii''
***** [[Bushbuck]], ''Tragelaphus scriptus''
***** [[Mountain Nyala]] ''Tragelaphus buxtoni'' 
***** [[Lesser Kudu]], ''Tragelaphus imberbis''
***** [[Greater Kudu]], ''Tragelaphus strepsiceros''
***** [[Bongo (antelope)|Bongo]], ''Tragelaphus eurycerus''
**** Genus ''[[Taurotragus]]''
***** [[Common Eland]], ''Taurotragus oryx''
***** [[Giant Eland]], ''Taurotragus derbianus''

==Etymology==
Bovine is derived from Latin ''bos'', "ox", through Late Latin '' bovinus''.Bos derives from the Greek word Βους (Vus)meaning ox.

==References==
* International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17ΔбГ specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84.

==External links==

{{Artiodactyla|R.4}}

[[Category:Bovines| ]]
[[Category:Bovidae]]

{{Link FA|hu}}

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