View source for Caliciviridae

{{Taxobox_begin | color = violet | name = ''Caliciviridae''}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement_virus}}
[[image:Calicivirus.jpg|240px |Calicivirus]]
{{Taxobox_group_iv_entry}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = '''''Caliciviridae'''''}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = violet | plural_taxon = Genera}}
''[[Vesivirus]]''<br>
''[[Lagovirus]]''<br>
''[[Norovirus]]''<br>
''[[Sapovirus]]''
{{Taxobox_end}}

The '''Caliciviridae''' family are members of  Class IV of the Baltimore scheme.  They are positive-sense, single stranded [[RNA]] which is non-segmented. The caliciviruses have been found in a number of organisms such as [[humans]], [[cattle]], [[pig]]s, [[chicken]]s, [[reptile]]s, [[dolphin]]s and [[amphibian]]s. The caliciviruses have a simple construction and are not enveloped. The [[capsid]] appears [[hexagonal]]/[[spherical]] and has [[icosahedral]] symmetry with a diameter of 35-39nm.

Caliciviruses are not very well studied because they do not grow in [[culture]] and there is no suitable animal model.  Only recently have advances in molecular biology enabled the viral [[genome]] to be determined.

The name calicivirus is derived from the Latin word ''calyx'' meaning cup or [[goblet]]. This name is appropriate as many strains have visible cup-shaped depressions.

The ''Caliciviridae'' family include the following genera:
*Genus ''[[Vesivirus]]''; type species: ''[[Swine vesicular exanthema virus]]''
*Genus ''[[Lagovirus]]''; type species: ''[[Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus]]''
*Genus ''[[Norovirus]]''; type species: ''[[Norwalk virus]]''
*Genus ''[[Sapovirus]]''; type species: ''[[Sapporo virus]]''

Australia and New Zealand, in an effort to control its rabbit population, has intentionally spread calicivirus.

==Transmission==
Transmission of caliciviruses is generally by the fecal-oral route, but they can also be transmitted via the respiratory route.

==Human disease==
Calicivirus infections commonly cause acute [[gastroenteritis]],which is the [[inflammation]] of the [[stomach]] and [[intestine]]s.  Symptoms can include [[vomiting]] and [[diarrhoea]]. These symptoms emerge after an incubation time of 2 days and the symptoms only generally last for 3 days.  Most calicivirus infections do not call for medical attention, but those who are [[immunocompromised]] may need to be hospitalised for [[rehydration]] therapy.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image: Norovirus07.jpeg| Electron micrograph depicts hepatitis-E viruses (HEV), provisionally classified as members of the Caliciviridae family. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: Caliciviridae07.jpeg| Electron micrograph depicts hepatitis-E viruses (HEV), provisionally classified as members of the Caliciviridae family. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: Norovirus06.jpeg| Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: Norovirus05.jpeg| Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: Norovirus03.jpeg| Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: Norovirus02.jpeg| Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: Norovirus01.jpeg| Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by Norovirus virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: Caliciviridae01.jpeg| View of a pig's snout, which displayed a large area of unruptured vesicles due to a case of vesicular exanthema of swine (VES). <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[Feline calicivirus]]

==References==
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/00.012.htm International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]
*[http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/Caliciviruses.html MicrobiologyBytes: Caliciviruses]
*[http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~nelson/ce210a/Calicivirus/calici.htm Human Caliciviruses]
* [http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/calici/calici.html Stanford University]

[[Category:Viruses]]

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[[zh:杯狀病毒科]]
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