View source for Cysteamine (ophthalmic)

{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
|authorTag={{AJ}}
|genericName=cysteamine hydrochloride
|aOrAn=an
|drugClass=ophthalmic agent
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=[[corneal deposit|corneal cystine crystal accumulation]] in patients with [[cystinosis]]
|adverseReactions=[[headache]], eye irritation, [[pain]] in eye, [[photophobia]], [[red eye]], and [[visual field defect]]
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|fdaLIADAdult=* CYSTARAN is a [[cystine]]-depleting agent indicated for the treatment of corneal [[cystine]] crystal accumulation in patients with [[cystinosis]].

====Dosing Information====

* Instill one drop of CYSTARAN in each eye, every waking hour.

* Do not touch dropper tip to any surface, as this may contaminate the solution.

* Discard after 1 week of use.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Cysteamine (ophthalmic) in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Cysteamine (ophthalmic) in adult patients.
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Cysteamine (ophthalmic) in pediatric patients.
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Cysteamine (ophthalmic) in pediatric patients.
|warnings======Contamination of Tip and Solution=====

* To minimize contaminating the dropper tip and solution, care should be taken not to touch the eyelids or surrounding areas with the dropper tip of the bottle. Keep bottle tightly closed when not in use.

=====Benign Intracranial Hypertension=====

* There have been reports of benign intracranial hypertension (or pseudotumor cerebri) associated with oral cysteamine treatment that has resolved with the addition of diuretic therapy.

* There have also been reports associated with ophthalmic use of cysteamine; however, all of these patients were on concurrent oral cysteamine.

=====Use with Contact Lenses=====

* CYSTARAN contains benzalkonium chloride, which may be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Contact lenses should be removed prior to application of solution and may be reinserted 15 minutes following its administration.

=====Topical Ophthalmic Use Only=====

* CYSTARAN is for topical ophthalmic use only.
|clinicalTrials=

* Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

* The safety data described below reflect exposure in controlled clinical trials of six months to 19 years duration in approximately 300 patients.

* The most frequently reported ocular adverse reactions occuring in ≥10% of patients were sensitivity to light, [[redness]], and eye pain/irritation, [[headache]] and [[visual field defects]].
|FDAPregCat=C
|useInPregnancyFDA=* There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of ophthalmic cysteamine in pregnant women. CYSTARAN should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

* Teratology studies have been performed in rats at oral doses in a range of 37.5 mg/kg/day to 150 mg/kg/day (about 0.2 to 0.7 times the recommended human maintenance dose on a body surface basis) and have revealed cysteamine bitartrate to be teratogenic. Observed teratogenic findings were [[cleft palate]], [[kyphosis]], heart [[ventricular septal defects]], [[microcephaly]], and [[exencephaly]].

* Nonteratogenic Effects: Cysteamine was fetotoxic, resulting in intrauterine death and growth retardation in rats at oral doses of 0.2 to 0.7 times the recommended human maintenance dose on a body surface basis.
|useInNursing=* It is not known whether oral cysteamine is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the manifested potential of cysteamine for developmental toxicity in suckling rat pups when it was administered to their lactating mothers at an oral dose of 375 mg/kg/day (2,250 mg/m2/day, 1.7 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area), a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. The incremental increase in systemic cysteamine levels derived from drug applied topically to the eye in patients treated with oral cysteamine is negligible.
|useInPed=* The safety and effectiveness of CYSTARAN (cysteamine ophthalmic solution) 0.44% have been established.
|useInGeri=* When the clinical studies with CYSTARAN were conducted, the reduced life expectancy from [[cystinosis]] did not make it possible to include patients in the geriatric age range.
|useInRenalImpair=* The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of cysteamine following ophthalmic administration of cysteamine ophthalmic solution has not been evaluated because ophthalmic exposure compared to systemic exposure is negligible. The majority of the patients in the ophthalmic clinical studies are assumed to have had some degree of renal impairment due to their underlying systemic disease. The total daily ophthalmic dose is less than 2% of the recommended oral daily dose of cysteamine; thus, the systemic exposure following ophthalmic administration is expected to be negligible compared to oral administration.
|administration=* Ophthalmic
|drugBox={{chembox2
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443554099
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile = Cysteamine3.png
| ImageName = Skeletal formula
| ImageFile1 = Cysteamine4.png
| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model
| IUPACName = 2-aminoethanethiol
| OtherNames =''β''-mercaptoethylamine<br/>2-aminoethanethiol<br/>2-mercaptoethylamine<br/>decarboxycysteine<br/>thioethanolamine<br/>mercaptamine
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5834
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 602
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 5UX2SD1KE2
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D03634
| InChI = 1/C2H7NS/c3-1-2-4/h4H,1-3H2
| InChIKey = UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYAX
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H7NS/c3-1-2-4/h4H,1-3H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo =60-23-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 156-57-0
| CASNo1_Comment = ([[hydrochloride|HCl]])
| PubChem = 6058
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00847
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 17141
| SMILES = SCCN
| ATCCode_prefix = A16
| ATCCode_suffix = AA04
| ATC_Supplemental = {{ATC|S01|XA21}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C = 2 | H = 7 | N = 1 | S = 1
| Appearance =
| Density =
| Melting_notes = 
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility =
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| EUClass ={{Hazchem Xn}}
| ExternalMSDS = [http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/CY/cysteamine.html External MSDS]
| SPhrases = {{S26}} {{S36}}
| AutoignitionPt = 
 }}
}}
|mechAction=* Cysteamine acts as a [[cystine]]-depleting agent by converting cystine to cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfides and reduces corneal cystine crystal accumulation.
|structure=* CYSTARAN is a sterile ophthalmic solution containing 6.5 mg/mL of cysteamine hydrochloride, equivalent to 4.4 mg/mL of cysteamine (0.44%) as the active ingredient. Cysteamine is a [[cystine]]-depleting agent which lowers the cystine content of cells in patients with [[cystinosis]].

[[File:Cysteamine ophtha.structure.png|thumb|none|400px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
|PK=* The peak plasma concentration of cysteamine following ocular administration of cysteamine ophthalmic solution in humans is unknown, but it is expected to be substantially less than the peak plasma concentration following oral administration of cysteamine bitartrate.
|nonClinToxic======Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility=====

* Cysteamine has not been tested for its carcinogenic potential in long-term animal studies. Cysteamine was not mutagenic in the Ames test. It produced a negative response in an in vitro sister chromatid exchange assay in human lymphocytes but a positive response in a similar assay in hamster ovarian cells.

* Repeat breeding reproduction studies were conducted in male and female rats. Cysteamine was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance at an oral dose of 75 mg/kg/day (450 mg/m2/day, 0.4 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area). At an oral dose of 375 mg/kg/day (2,250 mg/m2/day, 1.7 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area), it reduced the fertility of the adult rats and the survival of their offspring.
|clinicalStudies=* Clinical efficacy was evaluated in controlled clinical trials in approximately 300 patients. The primary efficacy end point was the response rate of eyes that had a reduction of at least 1 unit in the photo-rated Corneal Cystine Crystal Score (CCCS) at some time point during the study when baseline CCCS ≥1, or a lack of an increase of more than 1 unit in CCCS throughout the study when baseline CCCS <1.

* Study 1 combined the data from three smaller studies. For eyes with a lower baseline of CCCS <1, the response rate was 13% (4/30) [95% CI: (4, 32)]. For eyes with a higher baseline of CCCS ≥1, the response rate was 32% (94/291) [95% CI: (27, 38)].

* Study 2 evaluated ocular [[cystinosis]] patients who had a baseline of CCCS ≥1. The response rate was 67% (10/15) [95% CI: (38, 88)].

* Study 3 also evaluated ocular [[cystinosis]] patients; for eyes with a baseline of CCCS ≥1, the response rate was 33% (3/9) [95% CI: (8, 70)].

* Corneal crystals accumulate if CYSTARAN is discontinued.
|howSupplied=CYSTARAN (cysteamine ophthalmic solution) 0.44% is supplied in a 15 mL, opaque, white, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle with a 15 mm white, LDPE controlled dropper tip and closed with a white, polypropylene screw cap.



NDC 54482-020-01
|storage=* Store in freezer at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F). 
* Thaw for approximately 24 hours before use. 
* Store thawed bottle at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F) for up to 1 week. 
* Do not refreeze. 
* Discard after 1 week of use.
|packLabel=Vial Label

Vial Label

NDC 54482-020-01          15 mL

cystaran™

(cysteamine 
ophthalmic solution) 0.44% 
For Ophthalmic Use Only

Sterile

Rx only

Dosage: See package insert.

Storage: Store in freezer at -25°C to -15°C 
(-13°F to 5°F). Thaw for approximately 24
hours before use. Store thawed bottle at 2°C 
to 25°C (36°F to 77°F) for up to 1 week. Do 
not refreeze. Discard after 1 week of use. 
Each mL contains 6.5mg cysteamine hydrochloride, 
equivalent to 4.4mg cysteamine.

Mfd. by Hi-Tech Pharmacal, Co., Inc. for
Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc.      

cysl-9-ht 1012

LOT

EXP.

[[File:Cysteamine optha.drug lable01.png|thumb|none|400px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
|fdaPatientInfo======Storage of Bottles=====

* Patients should be advised to store bottles in the freezer in the original carton.
* Each week, one new bottle should be removed from the freezer.
* Patients should be advised to allow the bottle to thaw completely (approximately 24 hours) prior to use.
* After the bottle is completely thawed, the patient should record the discard date on the bottle label. The discard date is seven (7) days from the day the bottle is thawed.
* Patients should be advised to store thawed bottle at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F) for up to 1 week. The thawed bottles should not be refrozen.
* At the end of 1 week (7 days), patients should discard the bottle. There may be medication left in the bottle; however, the bottle must be discarded by the patient because the medication is only stable for 1 week after thawing.

=====Risk of Contamination=====

* Patients should be advised not to touch the eyelid or surrounding areas with the dropper tip of the bottle. The cap should remain on the bottle when not in use.

=====Use with Contact Lenses=====

* Patients should be advised that contact lenses should be removed prior to application of CYSTARAN. Contact lenses may be reinserted 15 minutes following CYSTARAN administration.

=====Topical Ophthalmic Use Only=====

* Patients should be advised that CYSTARAN is for topical ophthalmic use only.
|alcohol=Alcohol-Cysteamine (ophthalmic) interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
|brandNames=* Cystaran<ref>{{cite web | title = CYSTARAN- cysteamine hydrochloride solution  | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b98ee838-ed23-42a9-93b5-72579e490fba }}</ref>
}}