View source for Dibutylphthalate

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== Overview ==

'''Dibutyl phthalate''' ('''DBP''') is a commonly used [[plasticizer]]. It is also used as an additive to [[adhesive]]s or printing inks. It is soluble in various [[organic solvents]], e.g. in [[alcohol]], [[ether]] and [[benzene]].  DBP is also used as an [[ectoparasiticide]].

==Legislative control==

===European Union===
The use of this substance in cosmetics, including nail polishes, is banned in the [[European Union]] under [[EU Directive|Directive]] 76/768/EEC 1976.<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML EU Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products]</ref>

The use of DBP has been restricted in the European Union for use in children's toys since 1999.<ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/99/829&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en Ban of phthalates in childcare articles and toys], press release IP/99/829, 10 November 1999</ref>

===United States===
DBP was added to the [[California Proposition 65 (1986)]] list of suspected [[Teratogenesis|teratogen]]s in November 2006.  It is a suspected [[endocrine disruptor]]. It was used in some [[nail polish]]es; all major producers began eliminating this chemical from nail polishes in the Fall of 2006.

DBP was permanently banned in children's toys, in concentrations of 1000 ppm or greater, under section 108 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA).

==Production==
DBP is produced by the reaction of [[n-Butanol|''n''-butanol]] with [[phthalic anhydride]].  It is or was produced in the United States by [[Eastman Chemical Company]], but the company announced in March 2011 that it would end production and exit the DBP and DEP (diethyl phthalate) market in December 2011.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.eastman.com/Company/News_Center/2011/Pages/Eastman_Announces_Discontinuation_of_Manufacture_of_DEP_and_DBP_Plasticizers.aspx | title = Eastman Announces Discontinuation of Manufacture of DEP and DBP Plasticizers
| date = March 16, 2011 | publisher = Eastman}}</ref>

With the exodus of all domestic producers the nearest supply option for DBP for U.S. customers is [[Miami Chemical]], a company in [[Plantation, Florida]] which imports material from manufacturing partners located in South America.

==Exposure==
Based on urine samples from people of different ages, the European Commission [[Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks]] (SCHER) concluded that total exposures to individual phthalates in the general population are below tolerable daily intakes (TDI), except in the case of DBP for which efforts to further reduce exposures are needed.<ref>{{cite web | title=Phthalates in school supplies| publisher=GreenFacts Website | accessdate=2009-06-10 | url= http://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/phthalates-school-supplies/}}</ref>

==Biodegradation==

The white rot fungus [[Polyporus brumalis]] degrades DBP. <ref>{{cite thesis|type=Ph.D.|url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Thesis/3362H.pdf|first=Muhammad |last=Ishtiaq Ali|title=Microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride plastics|publisher=Quaid-i-Azam University|year=2011|pages=48}} </ref>

==See also==
* [[Phthalic acid]]
* [[Phthalates]]
* [[Diisobutyl phthalate]] (DIBP)

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{ICSC|0036|00}}
* [http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/DI/dibutyl_phthalate.html MSDS sheet] - new link needed
* [http://www.phthalates.org/pcp_info_sheet.asp Dibutyl Phthalate and Cosmetics]
* [http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0773.pdf Hazardous substance fact sheet]
* [http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/dibutylphthalate/recognition.html Occupational safety and health guideline for dibutyl phthalate]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0187.html CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}

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[[Category:drug]]
[[Category:Plasticizers]]
[[Category:Phthalates]]
[[Category:Endocrine disruptors]]