View source for Dipeptide

A '''dipeptide''' is a molecule consisting of two [[amino acids]] joined by a single [[peptide bond]].

Dipeptides are produced from [[polypeptide]]s by the action of the [[hydrolase]] [[enzyme]] dipeptidyl peptidase. Dietary proteins  are digested to dipeptides and amino acids, and the dipeptides are absorbed more rapidly than the amino acids, because their uptake involves a separate mechanism. Dipeptides activate G-cells found in the stomach to secrete [[gastrin]].

The '''Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis''' is a classic [[organic synthesis]] for the preparation of dipeptides. <ref>M. Bergmann et al., Ann. 449, 277 (1926).</ref> <ref>drugfuture.com [http://www.drugfuture.com/OrganicNameReactions/onr36.htm Link] </ref>



==Examples of dipeptides==

*'''[[Carnosine]]''' (''beta''-alanyl-L-histidine) is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues.
*'''[[Anserine]]''' (''beta''-alanyl-N-methyl histidine) is found in the skeletal muscle and brain of mammals.
*'''Homoanserine''' (N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-histidine) is another dipeptide identified in the brain and muscles of mammals.
*'''[[Kyotorphin]]''' (L-tyrosyl-L-arginine) is a neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain.
*'''Balenine''' (or '''ophidine''') (''beta''-alanyl-N ''tau''-methyl histidine) has been identified in the muscles of several species of mammal (including man), and the chicken.
*'''[[Aspartame]]''' (''N''-L-a-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester) is an artificial [[sweetener]].
*'''Glorin''' (N- propionyl-''γ''-L-glutamyl-L-ornithine-''δ''-lac ethyl ester) is a chemotactic dipeptide for the slime-mould ''Polysphondylium violaceum''.
*'''Barettin''' (cyclo-[(6-bromo-8-en-tryptophan)-arginine]) is a cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge ''Geodia barretti''.
* [[Pseudoproline]]

==See also==
*[[Tripeptide]]
*[[Tetrapeptide]]
*[[Polypeptide]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Peptides}}
[[Category:Peptides]]


[[it:Dipeptide]]
[[nl:Dipeptide]]
[[ru:Дипептиды]]
[[sv:Dipeptid]]