View source for Epinephrine (aerosol)

{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
|authorTag={{AJ}}
|genericName=epinephrine bitartrate
|aOrAn=an
|drugClass=[[adrenergic]], [[sympathomimetic]] and [[bronchodilator]] agent
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=for temporary relief of [[shortness of breath]], [[chest tightness|tightness of chest]] and [[wheezing]] due to [[bronchial asthma]]
|adverseReactions=[[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[dizziness]], [[headache]], [[anxiety]], [[sweating]] and [[palpitation]]
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|fdaLIADAdult=* For temporary relief of [[shortness of breath]], [[chest tightness|tightness of chest]] and [[wheezing]] due to [[bronchial asthma]]. Eases [[breathing]] for [[asthma]] patients by reducing [[spasms]] of [[bronchial]] muscles. For the symptomatic control of [[bronchial asthma]].
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Epinephrine (aerosol) in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Epinephrine (aerosol) in adult patients.
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Epinephrine (aerosol) in pediatric patients.
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Epinephrine (aerosol) in pediatric patients.
|warnings=* Contains [[dichlorodifluoromethane]], [[dichlorotetrafluoroethane]] and [[trichloromonofluoromethane]], substances which harm public health and environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere.

* For oral inhalation therapy only

* Do not use this product unless a diagnosis of [[asthma]] has been made by a physician. Do not use this product if you have [[heart disease]], [[hypertension|high blood pressure]], [[thyroid disease]], [[diabetes]] or difficulty in [[urination]] due to [[BPH|enlargement of the prostate gland]], unless directed by a physician. Do not use this product if you have ever been hospitalized for [[asthma]] or if you are taking any prescription drug for [[asthma]] unless directed by a physician.

* MEDIHALER-EPI is intended for oral inhalation only. Do not use this product more frequently or at higher doses than recommended unless directed by a physician. Excessive use may cause [[nervousness]] and [[tachycardia|rapid heart beat]], and, possibly adverse effects on the [[heart]]. Do not continue to use this product, but seek medical assistance immediately if symptoms are not relieved within 20 minutes or become worse.

* As with any drug, if you are [[pregnant]] or [[nursing]] a baby, seek the advise of a health professional before using this product. Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children. In case of accidental overdose, seek professional assistance or contact a poison control center immediately.
|clinicalTrials=* Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, anxiety, sweating and palpitation
|drugInteractions=* Do not use this product if you are presently taking a prescription drug for [[high blood pressure]] or [[depression]] without first consulting your physician.
|drugBox={{redirect2|Adrenaline|Adrenalin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{drugbox | Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464189734
| IUPAC_name = (''R'')-4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
| image = Epinephrine structure.png
| alt = Skeletal formula of adrenaline
| image2 = Adrenaline 3D ball.png
| alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the adrenaline molecule

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = 
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|epinephrine}}
| pregnancy_US = C
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_US = OTC
| licence_US = epinephrine
| routes_of_administration = [[intravenous|IV]], [[intramuscular|IM]], [[endotracheal tube|endotracheal]], [[Intracardiac injection|IC]], [[Nasal administration|Nasal]] [[Eye drop|Ophthalmic]]
| addiction_liability = None

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability =
| metabolism = [[synapse|adrenergic synapse]] ([[Monoamine oxidase|MAO]] and [[Catechol-O-methyl transferase|COMT]])
| elimination_half-life = 2 minutes
| excretion = Urine

<!--Identifiers-->
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 51-43-4
| ATC_prefix = A01
| ATC_suffix = AD01
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|B02|BC09}} {{ATC|C01|CA24}} {{ATC|R01|AA14}} {{ATC|R03|AA01}} {{ATC|S01|EA01}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 28918
| PubChem = 5816
| IUPHAR_ligand = 479
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00668
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5611
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = YKH834O4BH
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00095
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 679
| PDB_ligand = ALE

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=9 | H=13 | N=1 | O=3
| molecular_weight = 183.204 g/mol
| smiles = Oc1ccc(cc1O)[C@@H](O)CNC
| InChI = 1/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N
}}
|storage=* Do not puncture or incinerate canister. Do not store near heat. 

* Exposure to temperatures above 120˚F may cause bursting. 

* Store at controlled room temperature between 15˚C and 30˚C (59˚F and 86˚F).
|fdaPatientInfo====DIRECTIONS====

* Each inhalation contains the equivalent of 0.16 milligrams [[epinephrine]] delivered at the mouthpiece. [[Inhalation]] dosage for adults and children 4 years of age and older: start with one [[inhalation]], then wait at least one minute. If not relieved, use MEDIHALER-EPI once more. Do not use again for at least three hours. The use of this product by children should be supervised by an adult. Children under 4 years of age: consult a physician.

* MEDIHALER-EPI delivers the same dose every time. It does not depend on the strength with which the canister is pressed against the [[oral]] adapter or on the time the canister is held down. The canister must be released before it can be depressed again for another dose.

* MEDIHALER-EPI is designed to deliver a sufficient dose for most people in one or occasionally two inhalations. It is not necessary to use several applications in rapid succession. Use only when you actually need relief. Do no get into the habit of using MEDIHALER-EPI indiscriminately.

* Before each use, remove dust cap and inspect oral adapter for foreign objects. Shake MADIHALER-EPI well. To get the medication deep into the lungs, follow these three simple steps which can be completed within five seconds:

:* Breath out fully and place mouthpiece well into the [[mouth]], aimed at the back of the [[throat]].
:* As you begin to breathe in deeply, press the canister firmly down into the adapter with the [[index finger]], and continue to inhale. This releases one dose.
:* Release pressure on canister and remove unit from the mouth. Hold the [[breath]] as long as possible, then [[breathe]] out slowly.

* Replace dust cap after each use.

* MEDIHALER-EPI is packaged in a shatterproof aluminum canister fitted with a specially designed valve. It can be used only with the MEDIHALER-EPI oral adapter, a non-breakable [[inhaler]] device.

====DESCRIPTION====

* For speed of relief and convenience, MEDIHALER-EPI oral inhaler comes ready to use. It consists of two parts:

* A. An aluminum canister, containing the medication, with a single dose valve, which fits into

* B. The white plastic oral adapter. The canister can be used only with the MEDIHALER-EPI oral adapter.

[[File:Epinephrine aerosal how to use.png|thumb|none|400px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]

* The plastic oral adapter should be cleaned daily. Simply remove canister, wash adapter with soap and hot water, and rinse thoroughly. Dry adapter and replace the canister and dust cap.
|alcohol=Alcohol-Epinephrine (aerosol) interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
}}