View source for GPR97

{{Infobox_gene}}
'''G-protein coupled receptor 97''' also known as '''adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G3''' (ADGRG3) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ADGRG3'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid12435584">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fredriksson R, Lagerström MC, Höglund PJ, Schiöth HB | title = Novel human G protein-coupled receptors with long N-terminals containing GPS domains and Ser/Thr-rich regions | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 531 | issue = 3 | pages = 407–14 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12435584 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03574-3 }}</ref><ref name="pmid222487">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuźnicki J, Kuźnicki L, Drabikowski W | title = Ca2+-binding modulator protein in protozoa and myxomycete | journal = Cell Biology International Reports | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–23 | date = Jan 1979 | pmid = 222487 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/0309-1651(79)90064-X }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GPR97 G protein-coupled receptor 97| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=222487| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamann J, Aust G, Araç D, Engel FB, Formstone C, Fredriksson R, Hall RA, Harty BL, Kirchhoff C, Knapp B, Krishnan A, Liebscher I, Lin HH, Martinelli DC, Monk KR, Peeters MC, Piao X, Prömel S, Schöneberg T, Schwartz TW, Singer K, Stacey M, Ushkaryov YA, Vallon M, Wolfrum U, Wright MW, Xu L, Langenhan T, Schiöth HB | title = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIV. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors | journal = Pharmacological Reviews | volume = 67 | issue = 2 | pages = 338–67 | date = Apr 2015 | pmid = 25713288 | doi = 10.1124/pr.114.009647 | pmc=4394687}}</ref> GPR97 is a member of the [[adhesion-GPCRs|adhesion GPCR]] family.<ref name="isbn1-4419-7912-3">{{cite book | vauthors = Stacey M, Yona S | title = Adhesion-GPCRs: Structure to Function (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology) | publisher = Springer | location = Berlin | year = 2011 | pages = | isbn = 1-4419-7912-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Langenhan T, Aust G, Hamann J | title = Sticky signaling--adhesion class G protein-coupled receptors take the stage | journal = Science Signaling | volume = 6 | issue = 276 | pages = re3 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23695165 | doi = 10.1126/scisignal.2003825 }}</ref>
Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing [[GAIN domain|(GAIN)]] domain.<ref name="pmid22333914">{{cite journal | vauthors = Araç D, Boucard AA, Bolliger MF, Nguyen J, Soltis SM, Südhof TC, Brunger AT | title = A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 1364–78 | date = Mar 2012 | pmid = 22333914 | pmc = 3321182 | doi = 10.1038/emboj.2012.26 }}</ref>

GPR97 is expressed in human granulocytes and endothelial cells of the vasculature as well as in mouse granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

== Signaling ==
The inositol phosphate (IP3) accumulation, aequorin, and <sup>35</sup>S isotope binding assays in overexpressing HEK293 cells have demonstrated coupling of GPR97 to Gα<sub>o</sub> protein triggering cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupte J, Swaminath G, Danao J, Tian H, Li Y, Wu X | title = Signaling property study of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 586 | issue = 8 | pages = 1214–9 | date = Apr 2012 | pmid = 22575658 | doi = 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.014 }}</ref> GPR97 actives cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), NF-κB, and small GTPases to regulate cellular functions.

== Function ==
Systemic steroid exposure is a therapy to treat a variety of medical conditions and is associated with epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation that may reflect pharmacological responses and/or side effects. GPR97 was found to be differently methylated at CpG sites in the genome of blood cells from patient under systemic steroid treatment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wan ES, Qiu W, Baccarelli A, Carey VJ, Bacherman H, Rennard SI, Agustí A, Anderson WH, Lomas DA, DeMeo DL | title = Systemic steroid exposure is associated with differential methylation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | journal = American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | volume = 186 | issue = 12 | pages = 1248–55 | date = Dec 2012 | pmid = 23065012 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.201207-1280OC | pmc=3622442}}</ref> GPR97 is transcribed in immune cells. Gene-deficient mice revealed that Gpr97 is crucial for maintaining B-cell population via constitutive CREB and NF-κB activities.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang JJ, Zhang LL, Zhang HX, Shen CL, Lu SY, Kuang Y, Wan YH, Wang WG, Yan HM, Dang SY, Fei J, Jin XL, Wang ZG | title = Gpr97 is essential for the follicular versus marginal zone B-lymphocyte fate decision | journal = Cell Death & Disease | volume = 4 | pages = e853 | date = 10 October 2013 | pmid = 24113187 | doi = 10.1038/cddis.2013.346 | pmc=3824656}}</ref> Human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) abundantly express GPR97. Silencing GPR97 in human LECs indicated that GPR97 modulates cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell adhesion and migration through regulating the small GTPase RhoA and cdc42.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Valtcheva N, Primorac A, Jurisic G, Hollmén M, Detmar M | title = The orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR97 regulates migration of lymphatic endothelial cells via the small GTPases RhoA and Cdc42 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 288 | issue = 50 | pages = 35736–48 | date = Dec 2013 | pmid = 24178298 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.512954 | pmc=3861625}}</ref> In vertebrates, GPR97 has an indispensable role in the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling pathway in bone formation. A microarray meta-analysis revealed that mouse Gpr97 is a direct transcriptional target of BMP signaling in long bone development.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Prashar P, Yadav PS, Samarjeet F, Bandyopadhyay A | title = Microarray meta-analysis identifies evolutionarily conserved BMP signaling targets in developing long bones | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 389 | issue = 2 | pages = 192–207 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24583261 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.015 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|33em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.adhesiongpcr.org/ Adhesion GPCR consortium]

{{G protein-coupled receptors|g2}}

[[Category:G protein-coupled receptors]]