View source for Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

{{Other|Golden Gate Transit}}
{{protein
| Name = gamma-glutamyltransferase 1
| caption = 
| image = 
| width = 
| HGNCid = 4250
| Symbol = GGT1
| AltSymbols = GGT
| EntrezGene = 2678
| OMIM = 231950
| RefSeq = NM_001032364
| UniProt = P19440
| PDB = 
| ECnumber = 2.3.2.2
| Chromosome = 22
| Arm = q
| Band = 11.1-11.2
| LocusSupplementaryData = 
}}
{{protein
| Name = gamma-glutamyltransferase 2
| caption = 
| image = 
| width = 
| HGNCid = 4251
| Symbol = GGT2
| AltSymbols = GGT
| EntrezGene = 2679
| OMIM = 137181
| RefSeq = NM_002058
| UniProt = P36268
| PDB = 
| ECnumber = 2.3.2.2
| Chromosome = 22
| Arm = q
| Band = 11.1-11.2
| LocusSupplementaryData = 
}}
{{protein
| Name = gamma-glutamyltransferase 3
| caption = 
| image = 
| width = 
| HGNCid = 4252
| Symbol = GGT3
| AltSymbols = 
| EntrezGene = 2680
| OMIM = 
| RefSeq = 
| UniProt = 
| PDB = 
| ECnumber = 2.3.2.2
| Chromosome = 22
| Arm = 
| Band = 
| LocusSupplementaryData = 
}}
'''Gamma glutamyl transferase''' ('''GGT''' or '''GGTP''', or '''Gamma-GT''') ({{EC number|2.3.2.2}}) is primarily a [[liver]] [[enzyme]]. 

==Function==
It is involved in the transfer of [[amino acid]]s across the [[cellular membrane]]. It is also involved in [[glutathione]] metabolism by transfering the glutamyl moiety to a varitey of acceptor molecules including water, certain L-amino acids and peptides. Leaving the cystein product to preserve intracellular homeostasis of oxidative stress. <ref>Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2007 Jun;42(3):110-24</ref><ref>Schulman JD et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Jul 8;65(1):68-74 </ref> 


==Location==
GGT is found on the cell surface on all cells, with particularly high concentrations in the [[liver]], [[bile duct]]s and [[kidney]]. 

The enzyme is also present in other tissues, such as the [[epididymis]]. 

==Clinical significance==
Its level in the blood may be tested for, as an elevated level may indicate an abnormality in the liver, though this can be caused by a number of conditions including:

* [[congestive heart failure]]
* [[cholestasis]] (congestion of the bile ducts)
* [[cirrhosis]] of the liver
* [[ischemia|Restricted blood flow]] to the liver
* restricted venous outflow from liver like [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
* [[Necrosis]] of the liver
* Liver [[tumor]]s
* [[hepatitis]]
* [[hepatotoxic]] drugs

Its levels are increased in chronic and acute [[alcohol abuse]].

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
* {{MedlinePlus|003458}}

==External links==
* {{MeshName|gamma-Glutamyl+Transpeptidase}}

[[Category:Chemical pathology]]
[[Category:EC 2.3.2]]
{{transferase-stub}}
{{Acyltransferases}}

[[de:Γ-Glutamyltransferase]]
[[es:Gamma glutamil transpeptidasa]]
[[fr:Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase]]
[[it:Gamma glutamil transferasi]]
[[ja:Γ-グルタミルトランスフェラーゼ]]
[[pl:Γ-glutamylotranspeptydaza]]
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