View source for Haplogroup M (mtDNA)

In [[human genetics]], '''Haplogroup M''' is a [[human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup]].  

An enormous haplogroup spanning many continents, the macro-haplogroup M is a branch of the [[Africa]]n haplogroup [[Haplogroup L3 (mtDNA)|L3]], and is believed to have originated in [[Africa]] some 60 to 80,000 years before present.

The two haplogroups M and [[Haplogroup N (mtDNA)|N]] are believed to represent the initial migration of modern humans out of Africa.  Haplogroup M in particular represents the dispersal of modern humans into the [[Middle East]] and [[South Asia]] some 60 to 80,000 years ago along the southern [[Asia|Asian]] coastline.

Among the subgroups of M are [[Haplogroup M1 (mtDNA)|M1]], [[Haplogroup C (mtDNA)|C]], [[Haplogroup D (mtDNA)|D]], [[Haplogroup E (mtDNA)|E]], [[Haplogroup G (mtDNA)|G]], [[Haplogroup Q (mtDNA)|Q]], and [[Haplogroup Z (mtDNA)|Z]].

Owing to its great age, haplogroup M is one of those mtDNA lineages which does not correspond well to present-day racial groups, as it spans Siberian, East Asian, Southeast Asian, Central Asian, South Asian, Melanesian as well as Ethiopian, [[peoples of the Caucasus|Caucasian]], and various Middle Eastern groups in lesser frequency.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== See also ==
*[[Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups]]
*[[Human mitochondrial genetics]]
*[[Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia]]


== External links ==
*[https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=mm004 Spread of Haplogroup M], from ''[[National Geographic]]''
*[http://img386.imageshack.us/img386/3619/hapm9ev.jpg Tree of M haplogroup as for 2006]
*[http://www.familytreedna.com/public/india The India Genealogical DNA Project]
*[http://img386.imageshack.us/img386/6476/hap1ec.jpg Another tree emphasizing the Andamanese and Nicobarese populations in comparison with other peoples with high M presence]
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-7-151.pdf K.Tharanghaj et al. ''In situ origin of deep rooting lineages of mitochondrial Macrohaplogroup M in India'' (PDF document)]


{{MtDNA}}

[[Category:Human mtDNA haplogroups|M]]
[[Category:Recent single origin hypothesis]]

[[cs:Haploskupina M (mtDNA)]]
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