View source for Hydrolase

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==Overview==
In [[biochemistry]], a '''hydrolase''' is an [[enzyme]] that catalyzes the [[hydrolysis]] of a [[chemical bond]].  For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase:

:A&ndash;B + H<sub>2</sub>O &rarr; A&ndash;OH + B&ndash;H

==Nomenclature==
Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as "[[substrate_(biochemistry)|substrate]] hydrolase." However, common names are typically in the form "''substrate''ase." For example, a [[nuclease]] is a hydrolase that cleaves nucleic acids.

==Classification==
Hydrolases are classified as '''EC 3''' in the [[EC number]] classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon:
*[[:Category:EC 3.1|EC 3.1]]: [[ester]] bonds ([[esterase]]s: [[nuclease]]s, [[phosphodiesterase]]s, [[lipase]], [[phosphatase]])
*[[:Category:EC 3.2|EC 3.2]]: sugars ([[glycosylase]]s/[[DNA glycosylases]], [[glycoside hydrolase]])
*[[:Category:EC 3.3|EC 3.3]]: [[ether]] bonds
*[[:Category:EC 3.4|EC 3.4]]: [[peptide bond]]s ([[protease|Proteases/peptidase]]s)
*[[:Category:EC 3.5|EC 3.5]]: [[carbon-nitrogen bond]]s, other than peptide bonds
* EC 3.6: [[acid anhydride]]s ([[acid anhydride hydrolases]], including [[helicase]]s and [[GTPase]])
* EC 3.7: [[carbon-carbon bond]]s
* EC 3.8: [[halide]] bonds
* EC 3.9: phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
* EC 3.10: sulfur-nitrogen bonds
* EC 3.11: carbon-phosphorus bonds
* EC 3.12: sulfur-sulfur bonds
* EC 3.13: carbon-sulfur bonds

==References==

* [http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3/intro.html EC 3 Introduction] from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London, only covers 3.1-3.4
* [http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3/ More detailed taxonomy]

{{Enzymes}}
{{Esterases}}
{{Glycoside hydrolases}}
{{Ether bond hydrolases}}
{{Proteases}}
{{Carbon-nitrogen non-peptide hydrolases}}
{{Acid anhydride hydrolases}}
{{Carbon-carbon hydrolases}}
[[Category:Hydrolases]]

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