View source for Large cell carcinoma of the lung echocardiography or ultrasound

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{{Large cell carcinoma of the lung}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MV}}

==Overview==
On ultrasound, there are no characteristic findings of large cell carcinoma of the lung. Unspecific findings of large cell carcinoma of the lung, may include: enlarged lymph nodes and local invasion to adjacent bronchial structures and mediastinum. In non-small cell lung cancers, endobronchial ultrasound is a first-line diagnostic modality for mediastinal staging.<ref name="pmid24484269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kinsey CM, Arenberg DA |title=Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=189 |issue=6 |pages=640–9 |year=2014 |pmid=24484269 |doi=10.1164/rccm.201311-2007CI |url=}}</ref>

==Ultrasound==
*Endobronchial ultrasound is a first-line diagnostic modality for mediastinal staging in non-small cell lung cancers.<ref name="pmid24484269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kinsey CM, Arenberg DA |title=Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung staging |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=189 |issue=6 |pages=640–9 |year=2014 |pmid=24484269 |doi=10.1164/rccm.201311-2007CI |url=}}</ref>
*Common features of endobronchial ultrasound, include: <ref name="cancer"> Tests for non-small cell lung cancer. American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-diagnosis Accessed on February 25, 2016</ref> 
:*Evaluation of lymph nodes and other structures in the mediastinum 
:*Mediastinum invasion staging 
:*Determination of management strategy 
:*Real time evaluation of structures
:*Sensitivity 90% and specificity of 97%
*On ultrasound (endobronchial ultrasound), findings of non-small cell lung cancers, may include: <ref name="lung cancer">Lung cancer staging. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer_staging Accessed on February 25,2016</ref>
:*Enlarged lymph nodes 
:*Local invasion to adjacent bronchial structures and mediastinum
* The table below summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of both ultrasound modalities, for the diagnostic assessment of non-small cell lung cancer. 

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! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Procedure}} 
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Advantages}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disadvantages}}
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"|  Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
*Direct visualization of lymph node stations. 
*Complements endoscopic ultrasound: covers lymph node stations 2R and 4R which are difficult to access by endoscopic ultrasound
*Lower false-negative rate than with blind transbronchial fine needle aspiration and fewer complications
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
*More invasive than endoscopic ultrasound, few practitioners, but rapidly growing in popularity
|-
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"|  [[Endoscopic ultrasound]] (EUS)
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
*Least invasive modality
*Uses the esophagus to access mediastinal lymph nodes
*Excellent for staging lymph nodes
*Useful for station 2L and 4L, L adrenal, celiac lymph node
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*Cannot reliably access right sided paratracheal lymph node stations 2 R and 4R
*Accurate discrimination of primary hilar tumors and involved lymph nodes is important
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

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