View source for Low sodium diet

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==Overview==
A '''low sodium diet''' is a diet that includes no more than 1,500 to 2,400 mg of [[sodium]] per day.<ref>Heart Failure Society of America, [http://www.hfsa.org/pdf/module2.pdf How to follow a low sodium diet]</ref> (One  teaspoon of salt has about 2,300&nbsp;mg sodium.) People who follow a vigorous or moderate [[exercise]] schedule are usually advised to limit their sodium intake to 3,000&nbsp;mg per day and those with moderate to severe [[heart failure]] are usually advised to limit their sodium intake to 2,000&nbsp;mg per day.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}

The human minimum requirement for sodium in the diet is about 500&nbsp;mg per day,<ref>Implementing recommendations for dietary salt reduction: Where are we? DIANE Publishing. ISBN 1428929096.</ref> which is typically less than one-sixth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste". For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.

== Indications and effects of low sodium diet ==
A [[Cochrane review]] published in 2008 concluded that a long term (more than 4 weeks) low sodium diet in [[Caucasian race|Caucasians]] has a useful effect to reduce blood pressure, both in people with [[hypertension]] and in people with normal blood pressure.<ref name=cochrane2008>He FJ, MacGregor GA. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004937/frame.html Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure.] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004937. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004937.</ref> Taken together, a low salt diet (median of approximately 4.5 g/day - approx 1800mg Sodium) in hypertensive people resulted in a decrease in [[systolic blood pressure]] by 5.06 mmHg, and in [[diastolic blood pressure]] by 2.70 mmHg. In people with normal blood pressure, the corresponding decrease in systolic blood pressure was 2.03 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 0.99 mmHg.<ref name=cochrane2008/>

A previous Cochrane review indicated that the effect of low versus high sodium intake on blood pressure appears to be greater in Black and Asian patients than in Caucasians. However, the number of included studies in black and Asian patients in the review was insufficient for different recommendations.<ref name=cochrane2004>Jürgens G, Graudal NA. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004022/frame.html Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride.] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004022. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004022.pub2.</ref>

== Food and drink contents ==
===High sodium content===
Sodium occurs naturally in most foods. The most common form of sodium is [[sodium chloride]], which is table salt. [[Milk]], [[beets]], and [[celery]] also naturally contain sodium, as does drinking water, although the amount varies depending on the source.
Sodium is also added to various food products. Some of these added forms are [[monosodium glutamate]], [[sodium nitrite]], [[sodium saccharin]], [[baking soda]] ([[sodium bicarbonate]]), and [[sodium benzoate]]. These are ingredients in condiments and seasonings such as [[Worcestershire sauce]], [[soy sauce]], [[onion salt]], [[garlic salt]], and [[bouillon cube]]s. [[Processed meat]]s, such as [[bacon]], [[sausage]], and [[ham]], and canned soups and vegetables are all examples of foods that contain added sodium. [[Fast food]]s are generally very high in sodium.<ref>[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002415.htm NIH Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia]</ref> Also, processed foods such as [[potato chip]]s, [[frozen dinner]]s and [[cured meat]]s have high sodium content.

It has been noted that such large amounts of salts are given out by regenerative [[water softener]]s that over 60 cities in [[Southern California]] have banned these units because of elevated salt levels in ground water reclamation projects caused by water softeners and other sources.
Water labeled as "drinking water" in supermarkets may have sodium since it is usually only filtered with a carbon filter and will contain any and all sodium present in the source water.<ref name="aquatechnology.net">[http://www.aquatechnology.net/frame43251.html ''Sodium, Your Health, and Your Drinking Water'' by Gene Shaparenko, Aqua Technology Water Stores]</ref>

===Low sodium content===
Unprocessed, fresh foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, lean meats, poultry, fish and unprocessed grains are low sodium. The availability of low sodium foods is increasing; Due to the difficulty of finding low sodium versions of processed foods that are naturally high in, or contain medium levels of, sodium (such as cereals, soups, and canned seafood), food markets and distributors have recently started opening online businesses that focus on marketing low sodium products. Just like [[low carb]] or low calorie products, low sodium products began to take their own place in food marketers’ shelves. Many low sodium products have crossed over from the [[hospitality industry]] and are now available online, such as low sodium [[soup base]]s. 

Other foods that are low in sodium include:
*Seasonings: Black, cayenne, or lemon pepper, mustard, some chili or hot sauces
*Herbs: Dried or fresh garlic, garlic/onion powder (no salt), dill, parsley, rosemary, basil, cinnamon, cloves, paprika, oregano, ginger, vinegar, cumin, nutmeg
*Fresh fruits and vegetables (celery, carrots, beets, spinach)
*Dried beans, peas, rice, lentils
*Macaroni, pasta, noodles, rice, barley (cooked in unsalted water)
*Honey, sugar
*Unsalted butter
*Unsalted dry curd cottage cheese
*Fresh beef, pork, lamb, fish, shrimp, egg
*Skim milk, yogurt
*Hot cereals
*Club soda, coffee, seltzer water, soy milk, tea<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sodium/NU00284 ''Sodium: Are you getting too much?'' Mayo Clinic]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Health Canada Sodium Working Group]]
* [[Iron poisoning]] – excess iron

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://eatlowsodium.com/osc/low-sodium-diet.php Low sodium diet tips]

{{Diets}}

[[Category:Diets]]

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