View source for Oregon National Primate Research Center

{{Infobox Laboratory
|name           = Oregon National Primate Research Center
|motto          = Better Health Through Scientific Discovery
|image          = [[Image:Onprc logo.gif|70px]]
|established    = 1962
|director       = M. Susan Smith
|city           = [[Hillsboro, Oregon]], [[United States|USA]]
|budget         = 
|type           = biomedical on nonhuman primates
|staff          = 230
|campus         = 350 acres
|students       = 
|nobel_laureates  = 
|operating_agency = [[Oregon Health & Science University]]
|website        = [http://onprc.ohsu.edu/ onprc.ohsu.edu/]
}}
The '''Oregon National Primate Research Center''' (ONPRC) is one of eight federally funded National Primate Research Centers<ref name=nih1>{{cite web | title = National Primate Research Centers | publisher = National Institutes of Health | date = 2006 | url = http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/compmed/cm_nprc.asp | format = webpage | accessdate = 2006-12-04}}</ref> in the [[United States]] and has been affiliated with [[Oregon Health and Science University]] (OHSU) since 1998.<ref name=ohsu1>{{cite web | title = About ONPRC: History at a Glance | publisher = Oregon Health Sciences University | date = 2006 | url = http://onprc.ohsu.edu/about/dspAboutCenterItem.cfm?doc_id=36 | format = webpage | accessdate = 2006-12-04}}</ref> The center is located on 350 acres of land west of [[Portland, Oregon]], in [[Hillsboro, Oregon|Hillsboro]].<ref>[http://www.ohsu.edu/unparchive/2001/011201usda.shtml OHSU: News Release]</ref> <!-- Not Beaverton --> Originally known as the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center (ORPRC), it was the first of the original seven [[primate]] centers established by the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH). The research center is funded and administered by the [[National Center for Research Resources]].

==History==
Construction of the facility began in 1961 after a $1.9 million grant from the National Institutes of Health.<ref name=argus>Primate site offers areas for research. ''[[Hillsboro Argus]]'', October 19, 1976.</ref> It was built on 240 acres in [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]] and opened in 1962.<ref name=argus/> In 1970, the Oregon location became the first of the regional centers to build and use outdoor breeding facilities.<ref name=history>[http://onprc.ohsu.edu/about/dspAboutCenterItem.cfm?doc_id=36 About ONPRC: History at a Glance]</ref> By 1976 the campus housed 18 different species and 2,100 total animals while employing 225 people.<ref name=argus/>

In 1988, the Center adds the Cooley Center for Cell and Molecular Biology to the [[campus]], followed by the Animal Services Building in 1992. OHSU takes over in 1998 when the center is merged into the university.<ref name=history/> In 2002, the Center is renamed from the Oregon Regional Primate Center to the current name after the NIH changes the designation of all the primate research centers.<ref name=history/>

==Facility==
The Oregon National Primate Research Center maintains a [[monkey]] colony (consisting of [[Rhesus Macaque|rhesus monkey]]s, [[Japanese Macaque|Japanese snow monkey]]s, [[Vervet Monkey|vervet]]s, [[baboon]]s and [[Crab-eating Macaque|cynomolgus macaque]]s),<ref name=ohsuprimates>{{cite web
| title = Caring for our Animals:Our primates | publisher = Oregon Health Sciences University | date = 2006 | url = http://onprc.ohsu.edu/animals/index.cfm?doc_id=82| format = webpage | accessdate = 2006-12-04}}</ref> which, as of 2006, included over 3600 animals <ref name=ohsu2>{{cite web
| title = Caring for our Animals | publisher = Oregon Health Sciences University | date = 2006 | url = http://onprc.ohsu.edu/animals/index.cfm?doc_id=84 | format = webpage | accessdate = 2006-12-04}}</ref> used to conduct basic and applied [[biomedical research]] in fertility control, early embryo development, women's health, brain development and degeneration, and newly emerging viruses, especially [[AIDS]]-related agents.<ref name=ohsu3>{{cite web
| title = About ONPRC: Mission | publisher = Oregon Health Sciences University | date = 2006 | url = http://onprc.ohsu.edu/about/index.cfm | format = webpage | accessdate = 2006-12-04}}</ref> The ONPRC receives $11 million in federal grants annually.<ref>[http://www.wweek.com/editorial/3305/8322/ Monkey Business, Julie Sabatier, [[Willamette Week]], December 13, 2006]</ref>

==Research==
Scientists at the Oregon National Primate Research Center have published several notable research projects. Recent publications include:
* Research suggesting a component of the [[immune system]] damaged by [[AIDS]] can possibly be replaced<ref>[http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/116/6/1514?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=SIV&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=116&issue=6&resourcetype=HWCIT  IL-15 induces CD4 effector memory T cell production and tissue emigration in nonhuman primates, J Clin Invest. 2006 Jun;116(6):1514-24]</ref> 
* Research explaining how reduced caloric intake may slow aging and weakening of the immune system <ref> [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0606661103v1 Delay of T cell senescence by caloric restriction in aged long-lived nonhuman primates, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 19;103(51):19448-53]</ref>
* Discovery of a method for detecting intra-amniotic infections in non-human primates. It is hoped by the researchers that the finding may result in the development of a test for common infections that cause premature birth in humans<ref>[http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/4/462 Diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection by proteomic profiling and identification of novel biomarkers, JAMA. 2004 Jul 28;292(4):462-9. Erratum in: JAMA. 2004 Nov;292(19):2340] </ref>
* Research that has identified factors that prevent the repair of brain damage caused by [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS), complications of premature birth, and other diseases and conditions <ref> [http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v11/n9/abs/nm1279.html Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation, Nat Med. 2005 Sep;11(9):966-72] </ref>
* Several findings in the area of obesity research including the role of the hormone [[leptin]] in causing/preventing obesity and how leptin resistance occurs and can be reversed<ref> [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/304/5667/108 Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding, Science. 2004 Apr 2;304 (5667):108-10]</ref>;and research into the natural hormone PYY which has the ability to cause limited weight loss<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6898/abs/nature00887.html Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake, Nature 418:650-654, 2002]</ref>
*  Research at the Oregon National Primate Research Center has shown that eating a high fat diet during pregnancy may have significant and numerous health impacts on an unborn child<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17029798 Prenatal development of hypothalamic neuropeptide systems in the nonhuman primate, Neuroscience. 2006 Dec 28;143(4):975-86]</ref>
* Identification of a key gene that impacts the timing of [[puberty]] and can shorten the time span for reproduction<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16466547&dopt=Abstract Neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling female puberty: new approaches, new concepts, Int J Androl. 2006 Feb;29(1):256-63]</ref>

==Animal Care Oversight==
The Oregon National Primate Research Center receives unannounced inspections by the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] <ref> [http://awic.nal.usda.gov/nal_display/index.php?info_center=3&tax_level=1&tax_subject=169 United States Department of Agriculture] </ref> approximately twice a year. The research center has also been accredited by the [[Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International]] <ref> [http://www.aaalac.org/accreditedorgs/aaalaclistall.cfm Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International] </ref> since 1975. As required by the [[Animal Welfare Act]], the Oregon National Primate Research Center receives additional oversight from the [[Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee]]. Each IACUC must consist of at least one veterinarian with training in laboratory animal science and expertise in the species under consideration, at least one practicing research scientist, and at least one person not affiliated with the institution to represent community interests in proper care and use of animals. 

==Criticism==
In 2000, an undercover [[animal rights]] investigator posing as a laboratory technician released hours of video footage taken from inside the Oregon National Primate Research Center. The facility was accused of violating federal laws and ignoring signs of distress among the rhesus monkeys housed there.<ref>[http://www.wweek.com/html2/science010301.html Shock the Monkeys, Philip Dawdy, [[Willamette Week]], January 3, 2001]</ref> The video showed a monkey with its arms wrapped in duct tape to prevent the animal from mutilating itself as well as footage of an [[electroejaculation]] procedure, used to collect semen for reproductive experiments. The [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] eventually cleared the ONPRC of any wrongdoing for the incidents.<ref>[http://www.ohsu.edu/unparchive/2001/011201usda.shtml USDA Finishes Report on Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Concludes allegations are unfounded. OHSU News Release, January 12, 2001]</ref>

[[Jane Goodall]], the noted [[field research]] [[primatologist]], has decried the conditions of captive research facilities, including ONPRC, contending primates suffer most terribly from being kept in isolation from others of their kind.  Goodall notes that primates exhibit the same kind of [[clinical symptom]]s that depressed human [[children]] show.<ref>[http://www.idausa.org/essays/goodallinterview.html Interview with Jane Goodall]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Animal testing]]
*[[Non-human primate experiments]]
*[[International primate trade]]
*[[Oregon primate rescue]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://onprc.ohsu.edu/ Oregon National Primate Research Center]
* [http://www.ohsu.edu/ Oregon Health and Science University]
* [http://www.usda.gov United States Department of Agriculture]
* [http://www.aaalac.org/ Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International]
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[[Category:Oregon Health & Science University]]
[[Category:Primate sanctuaries and research centers]]
[[Category:Animal testing]]
[[Category:Animal rights]]
[[Category:Animal welfare]]
[[Category:Hillsboro, Oregon]]

[[ja:オレゴン国立霊長類研究センター]]
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