View source for Orosomucoid

{{infobox protein
| Name = [[ORM1|orosomucoid 1]]
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid = 8498
| Symbol = [[ORM1]]
| AltSymbols =
| EntrezGene = 5004
| OMIM = 138600
| RefSeq = NM_000607
| UniProt = P02763
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 9
| Arm = q
| Band = 31
| LocusSupplementaryData = -qter
}}
{{infobox protein
| Name = orosomucoid 2
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid = 8499
| Symbol = ORM2
| AltSymbols =
| EntrezGene = 5005
| OMIM = 138610
| RefSeq = NM_000608
| UniProt = P19652
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 9
| Arm = q
| Band = 31
| LocusSupplementaryData = -qter
}}

'''Orosomucoid''' ('''ORM''') or '''alpha-1-acid glycoprotein''' (''α<sub>1</sub>AGp'',<ref name=loganabbrev /> ''AGP'' or ''AAG'') is an acute phase ([[acute phase protein]]) [[blood plasma|plasma]] [[alpha-globulin]] [[glycoprotein]] and is modulated by two [[polymorphic gene]]s. It is synthesized primarily in [[hepatocyte]]s and has a normal plasma concentration between 0.6-1.2&nbsp;mg/mL (1-3% plasma protein).<ref name="pmid17015049">{{cite journal | vauthors = Colombo S, Buclin T, Décosterd LA, Telenti A, Furrer H, Lee BL, Biollaz J, Eap CB | title = Orosomucoid (alpha1-acid glycoprotein) plasma concentration and genetic variants: effects on human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor clearance and cellular accumulation | journal = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 80 | issue = 4 | pages = 307–18 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 17015049 | doi = 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.006 }}</ref> Plasma levels are affected by [[pregnancy]], burns, certain drugs, and certain diseases, particularly [[HIV]].<ref name="pmid17015049"/>

The only established function of ORM is to act as a carrier of basic and neutrally charged lipophilic compounds. In medicine, it is known as the primary carrier of basic (positively charged) drugs (whereas [[albumin]] carries acidic (negatively charged) and neutral drugs), [[steroid]]s, and [[Protease inhibitor (pharmacology)|protease inhibitor]]s.<ref name="pmid17015049"/><ref name="pmid1741754">{{cite journal | vauthors = Urien S, Brée F, Testa B, Tillement JP | title = pH-dependency of basic ligand binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 280 ( Pt 1) | issue = 1 | pages = 277–80 | date = November 1991 | pmid = 1741754 | pmc = 1130632 | doi =  }}</ref> Aging causes a small decrease in plasma albumin levels; if anything, there is a small increase in alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. The effect of these changes on drug protein binding and drug delivery, however, appear to be minimal.<ref name="Clinical Anesthesia">{{cite book | vauthors = Rooke GA | chapter = Anesthesia for the Older Patient | veditors = Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, Cahalan MK, Stock MC | title = Clinical Anesthesia | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-7817-8763-5 | page = 879 }}</ref> AGP shows a complex interaction with [[thyroid]] homeostasis: ORM in low concentrations was observed to stimulate the [[thyrotropin]] (TSH) receptor and intracellular accumulation of [[cyclic AMP]]. High AGP concentrations, however, inhibited TSH signalling.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zimmermann-Belsing T, Rasmussen AK, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Bøg-Hansen TC | title = The influence of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and its glycoforms on the function of human thyrocytes and CHO cells transfected with the human TSH receptor | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 188 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 241–51 | date = February 2002 | pmid = 11911961 | doi = 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00650-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dietrich JW, Landgrafe G, Fotiadou EH | title = TSH and Thyrotropic Agonists: Key Actors in Thyroid Homeostasis | journal = Journal of Thyroid Research | volume = 2012 | pages = 351864 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23365787 | pmc = 3544290 | doi = 10.1155/2012/351864 }}</ref>

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein has been identified as one of four potentially useful circulating biomarkers for estimating the five-year risk of all-cause mortality (the other three are [[Serum albumin|albumin]], [[very low-density lipoprotein]] particle size, and [[citrate]]).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fischer K, Kettunen J, Würtz P, Haller T, Havulinna AS, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Esko T, Tammesoo ML, Mägi R, Smit S, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Ala-Korpela M, Perola M, Metspalu A | title = Biomarker profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the prediction of all-cause mortality: an observational study of 17,345 persons | journal = PLoS Medicine | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = e1001606 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24586121 | pmc = 3934819 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001606 }}</ref>

Orosomucoid increases in amount in [[obstructive jaundice]]s while diminishes in [[hepatocellular jaundice]] and in [[intestinal]] [[infection]]s.

== References ==
{{reflist | refs=

* <ref name=loganabbrev>{{cite book|author1=Logan, Carolynn M.|author2=Rice, M. Katherine|title=Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations|date=1987|publisher=[[J. B. Lippincott Company]]|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0-397-54589-4|page=3|ref=logansaabrev}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* {{MeshName|Orosomucoid}}

{{Alpha globulins}}
{{Mucoproteins}}
{{Acute phase proteins}}

[[Category:Acute phase proteins]]
[[Category:Glycoproteins]]
[[Category:Molecular biology]]
[[Category:Proteomics]]

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