View source for Oxidoreductase

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==Overview==

'''Oxidoreductase''' is an [[enzyme]] that catalyzes the transfer of [[electron]]s from one molecule (the [[Reducing agent|reductant]], also called the hydrogen acceptor or electron donor) to another (the [[oxidant]], also called the hydrogen donor or electron acceptor). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase:

:A<sup>&ndash;</sup> + B &rarr; A + B<sup>&ndash;</sup>

In this example, A is the reductant (electron donor) and B is the oxidant (electron acceptor).

In biochemical reactions, the [[redox]] reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from [[glycolysis]]:

:P<sub>i</sub> + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD<sup>+</sup> &rarr; NADH + H<sup>+</sup> + 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

In this reaction, NAD<sup>+</sup> is the oxidant (electron acceptor), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is the reductant (electron donor).

==Nomenclature==
Proper names of oxidoreductases are formed as "''donor:acceptor'' oxidoreductase." However, other names are much more common. The common name is "''donor'' [[dehydrogenase]]" when possible, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for the second reaction above. Common names are also sometimes formed as "''acceptor'' reductase", such as NAD<sup>+</sup> reductase. "''Donor'' [[oxidase]]" is a special case where [[oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub> is the acceptor.

==Classification==
Oxidoreductases are classified as '''EC 1''' in the [[EC number]] classification of enzymes. Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 22 subclasses:
*[[:Category:EC 1.1|EC 1.1]] includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-OH group of donors ([[alcohol oxidoreductases]])
*[[:Category:EC 1.2|EC 1.2]] includes oxidoreductases that act on the [[aldehyde]] or oxo group of donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.3|EC 1.3]] includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-CH group of donors ([[CH-CH oxidoreductases]])
*[[:Category:EC 1.4|EC 1.4]] includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-NH<sub>2</sub> group of donors ([[Amino acid oxidoreductases]], [[Monoamine oxidase]])
*[[:Category:EC 1.5|EC 1.5]] includes oxidoreductases that act on CH-NH group of donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.6|EC 1.6]] includes oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH
*[[:Category:EC 1.7|EC 1.7]] includes oxidoreductases that act on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.8|EC 1.8]] includes oxidoreductases that act on a [[sulfur]] group of donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.9|EC 1.9]] includes oxidoreductases that act on a [[heme]] group of donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.10|EC 1.10]] includes oxidoreductases that act on [[diphenol]]s and related substances as donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.11|EC 1.11]] includes oxidoreductases that act on [[peroxide]] as an acceptor ([[peroxidase]]s)
*[[:Category:EC 1.12|EC 1.12]] includes oxidoreductases that act on hydrogen as donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.13|EC 1.13]] includes oxidoreductases that act on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen ([[oxygenase]]s)
*[[:Category:EC 1.14|EC 1.14]] includes oxidoreductases that act on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen
*[[:Category:EC 1.15|EC 1.15]] includes oxidoreductases that act on [[superoxide]] radicals as acceptors
*[[:Category:EC 1.16|EC 1.16]] includes oxidoreductases that oxidize metal ions
*[[:Category:EC 1.17|EC 1.17]] includes oxidoreductases that act on CH or CH<sub>2</sub> groups
*[[:Category:EC 1.18|EC 1.18]] includes oxidoreductases that act on iron-sulfur proteins as donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.19|EC 1.19]] includes oxidoreductases that act on reduced [[flavodoxin]] as a donor
*[[:Category:EC 1.20|EC 1.20]] includes oxidoreductases that act on [[phosphorus]] or [[arsenic]] in donors
*[[:Category:EC 1.21|EC 1.21]] includes oxidoreductases that act on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond
*[[:Category:EC 1.97|EC 1.97]] includes other oxidoreductases

==See also==
* [[List of enzymes]]
* [[hydroxylase]]

==External link==
*[http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC1/intro.html EC 1 Introduction] from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London

{{Enzymes}}
{{Alcohol oxidoreductases}}
{{Aldehyde/Oxo oxidoreductases}}
{{CH-CH oxidoreductases}}
{{CH-NH2 oxidoreductases}}
{{CH-NH oxidoreductases}}
{{NADH or NADPH oxidoreductases}}
{{Nitrogenous donor oxidoreductases}}
{{Sulfur oxidoreductases}}
{{Diphenol family oxidoreductases}}
{{Peroxidases}}
{{Monooxygenases}}
{{Dioxygenases}}
{{Other oxidoreductases}}
[[Category:Oxidoreductases]]

[[ar:أوكسيدوريدوكتاز]]
[[bg:Оксидоредуктаза]]
[[ca:Oxidoreductasa]]
[[cs:Oxidoreduktasa]]
[[de:Oxidoreduktasen]]
[[es:Oxidorreductasa]]
[[fr:Oxydo-réductase]]
[[it:Ossidoreduttasi]]
[[ja:酸化還元酵素]]
[[pl:Oksydoreduktazy]]
[[pt:Oxirredutase]]
[[ru:Оксидоредуктазы]]
[[zh:氧化還原酶]]
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