View source for Rhizopus

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{{Taxobox
| image = Structure of Rhizopus spp.-english.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Schematic diagram of ''Rhizopus spp.''
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
| divisio = [[Zygomycota]]
| classis = [[Mucormycotina]]
| ordo = [[Mucorales]]
| familia = [[Mucoraceae]]
| genus = '''''Rhizopus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Ehrenb.]] (1820)
| type_species = ''Rhizopus nigricans''
| type_species_authority = Ehrenb. (1820)
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlMycoBank: Rhizopus"/>
| synonyms = ''Crinofera'' <small>[[Nieuwl.]] (1916)</small><br>
''Pilophora'' <small>[[Wallr.]] (1833)</small>
}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
==Overview==
'''''Rhizopus''''' is a [[genus]] of common [[saprobic]] fungi on plants and specialized [[parasitism|parasites]] on animals. They are found on a wide variety of organic substrates, including "mature fruits and vegetables", faeces, jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts and tobacco. Some ''Rhizopus'' species are [[opportunistic infection|opportunistic]] agents of human [[zygomycosis]] (fungal infection) and can be fatal. Rhizopus infections are also an associated complication of diabetic [[ketoacidosis]]. The widespread genus contains about nine species.

''Rhizopus'' reproduces by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods by spores. The asexual [[sporangiospore]]s are produced inside a pinhead-like structure, the [[sporangium]], and are genetically identical to their parent. In ''Rhizopus'', the sporangia are supported by a large [[apophysate]] [[columella]], and the sporangiophores arise among distinctive rhizoids. Dark [[zygospore]]s are produced after two compatible [[mycelium|mycelia]] fuse during sexual reproduction producing colonies that may be genetically different from their parents.

*''[[Rhizopus arrhizus|R. arrhizus]]'' causes [[fruit rot (disambiguation)|fruit rot]] on apples.
*''[[Rhizopus artocarpi|R. artocarpi]]'' causes [[fruit drop]] on [[jack fruit]].
*''[[Rhizopus nigricans| R. nigricans]]'' is a common '''bread mold'''.
*''[[Rhizopus oligosporus| R. oligosporus]]'' is used to make [[tempeh]], a fermented food derived from soybeans.
*''[[Rhizopus oryzae|R. oryzae]]'' is used in the production of alcoholic beverages in parts of Asia and Africa.
*''R. stolonifer'' ([[black bread mold]]) causes fruit rot on strawberry, tomato, and [[sweet potato]] and used in commercial production of [[fumaric acid]] and [[cortisone]].

==Species==
 
*''[[Rhizopus arrhizus]]''
*''[[Rhizopus azygosporus]]''
*''[[Rhizopus circinans]]''
*''[[Rhizopus microsporus]]''
*''[[Rhizopus nigricans]]''
*''[[Rhizopus oligosporus]]''
*''[[Rhizopus oryzae]]''
*''[[Rhizopus schipperae]]''
*''[[Rhizopus sexualis]]''
*''[[Rhizopus stolonifer]]''

== Plant body or mycelium ==

* ''The plant body of rhizopus is known as '''mycelium'''.It is made up of long tubular branched thread or filament like structure called '''hyphae'''.The mycelium can be distinguished into three types of hyphae namely
# stolons
# rhizoids
# Sporangiospores

==See also==
{{Portal|Fungi}}
*[[Mucormycosis]]
*[[Black bread mold]]
*[[List of Rhizopus species]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=Chinn1982>{{Cite journal|title=Generation of chemotactic factors by ''Rhizopus oryzae'' in the presence and absence of serum: relationship to hyphal damage mediated by human neutrophils and effects of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis |author=Chinn RY, Diamond RD. |journal=[[Infection and Immunity]] |date=1982 |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=1123–29}}</ref>

<ref name=Kirk2001>{{cite book |author=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA. |title=Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi|edition=9th |publisher=CABI Bioscience |location=Oxon, UK |year=2001 |page=452 |isbn=0-85199-377-X}}</ref>

<ref name=Kirk2008>{{cite book |author=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CABI |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=599 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>

<ref name="urlMycoBank: Rhizopus">{{cite web |url=http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=20487 |title=''Rhizopus'' Ehrenb. 1820  |publisher=International Mycological Association |work=MycoBank |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
*[http://zygomycetes.org/index.php?id=70 Rhizopus] at Zygomycetes.org
*[http://www.tempeh.idv.tw/t-ch%20mold.html Photos of ''Rhizopus spp.'' used for tempeh-making] at www.tempeh.idv.tw

[[Category:Zygomycota]]

{{Fungus-stub}}

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