View source for S100A7

{{Infobox_gene}}
'''[[S100 protein|S100]] calcium-binding protein A7''' ('''S100A7'''), also known as '''psoriasin''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''S100A7'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1940442">{{cite journal | vauthors = Madsen P, Rasmussen HH, Leffers H, Honoré B, Dejgaard K, Olsen E, Kiil J, Walbum E, Andersen AH, Basse B | title = Molecular cloning, occurrence, and expression of a novel partially secreted protein "psoriasin" that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 97 | issue = 4 | pages = 701–12  | date = Nov 1991 | pmid = 1940442 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12484041 }}</ref>

== Function ==

S100A7 is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 [[EF hand|EF-hand]] calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the [[cytoplasm]] and/or [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as [[cell cycle]] progression and [[Cellular differentiation|differentiation]]. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein differs from the other S100 proteins of known structure in its lack of calcium binding ability in one EF-hand at the [[N-terminus]].  The protein functions as a prominent antimicrobial peptide mainly against ''[[E. coli]]''.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: S100A7 S100 calcium binding protein A7| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6278| accessdate = }}</ref>

S100A7 also displays antimicrobial properties. It is secreted by epithelial cells of the skin and is a key antimicrobial protein against ''Escherichia coli'' by disrupting their cell membranes. This is the reason that in countries with poor sanitation, human skin is exposed to ''E. coli'' strains from faecal matter but it does not usually result in an infection.<ref>Bulet, P., et al. 2004. Anti-microbial peptides: from invertebrates to vertebrates. Immunology Review 198:169–184.</ref>

S100A7 is highly homologous to [[S100A15]] ([[koebnerisin]]) but distinct in expression, tissue distribution and function.<ref name="pmid18606705">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wolf R, Howard OM, Dong HF, Voscopoulos C, Boeshans K, Winston J, Divi R, Gunsior M, Goldsmith P, Ahvazi B, Chavakis T, Oppenheim JJ, Yuspa SH | title = Chemotactic activity of S100A7 (Psoriasin) is mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end products and potentiates inflammation with highly homologous but functionally distinct S100A15 | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 181 | issue = 2 | pages = 1499–506  | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18606705 | pmc = 2435511 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1499 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19136201">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wolf R, Voscopoulos C, Winston J, Dharamsi A, Goldsmith P, Gunsior M, Vonderhaar BK, Olson M, Watson PH, Yuspa SH | title = Highly homologous hS100A15 and hS100A7 proteins are distinctly expressed in normal breast tissue and breast cancer | journal = Cancer Lett. | volume = 277 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–7  | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19136201 | pmc = 2680177 | doi = 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.032 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22374659">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zwicker S, Bureik D, Ruzicka T, Wolf R | title = [Friend or Foe?--Psoriasin and Koebnerisin: multifunctional defence molecules in skin differentiation, tumorigenesis and inflammation] | language = German | journal = Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. | volume = 137 | issue = 10 | pages = 491–4  | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22374659 | doi = 10.1055/s-0031-1299015 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22402441">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hegyi Z, Zwicker S, Bureik D, Peric M, Koglin S, Batycka-Baran A, Prinz JC, Ruzicka T, Schauber J, Wolf R | title = Vitamin D analog calcipotriol suppresses the Th17 cytokine-induced proinflammatory S100 "alarmins" psoriasin (S100A7) and koebnerisin (S100A15) in psoriasis | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 132 | issue = 5 | pages = 1416–24  | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22402441 | doi = 10.1038/jid.2011.486 }}</ref>

== Clinical significance ==

This protein is markedly over-expressed in the skin lesions of [[psoriasis|psoriatic]] patients, but is excluded as a candidate gene for familial psoriasis susceptibility.<ref name="entrez"/> The expression of psoriasin is induced in skin wounds<ref name="pmid17159909">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee KC, Eckert RL | title = S100A7 (Psoriasin)--mechanism of antibacterial action in wounds | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 127 | issue = 4 | pages = 945–57  | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17159909 | doi = 10.1038/sj.jid.5700663 }}</ref> through activation of the [[epidermal growth factor receptor]].

== Interactions ==

S100A7 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5]],<ref name="pmid12702588">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emberley ED, Niu Y, Leygue E, Tomes L, Gietz RD, Murphy LC, Watson PH | title = Psoriasin interacts with Jab1 and influences breast cancer progression | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 63 | issue = 8 | pages = 1954–61  | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12702588 | doi =  }}</ref> [[FABP5]]<ref name="pmid12839573">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ruse M, Broome AM, Eckert RL | title = S100A7 (psoriasin) interacts with epidermal fatty acid binding protein and localizes in focal adhesion-like structures in cultured keratinocytes | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 121 | issue = 1 | pages = 132–41  | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12839573 | doi = 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12309.x }}</ref><ref name="pmid10331666">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hagens G, Roulin K, Hotz R, Saurat JH, Hellman U, Siegenthaler G | title = Probable interaction between S100A7 and E-FABP in the cytosol of human keratinocytes from psoriatic scales | journal = Mol. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 192 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 123–8  | date = February 1999 | pmid = 10331666 | doi = 10.1023/A:1006894909694 }}</ref> and [[RANBP9]].<ref name="pmid12421467">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emberley ED, Gietz RD, Campbell JD, HayGlass KT, Murphy LC, Watson PH | title = RanBPM interacts with psoriasin in vitro and their expression correlates with specific clinical features in vivo in breast cancer | journal = BMC Cancer | volume = 2 | issue =  | pages = 28  | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12421467 | pmc = 137593 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2407-2-28 }}</ref>

S100A7 interacts with [[RAGE (receptor)|RAGE]] (receptor of advanced glycated end products).<ref name="pmid18606705"/><ref name="pmid22795619">{{cite journal | vauthors = Winston J, Wolf R | title = Psoriasin (S100A7) promotes migration of a squamous carcinoma cell line | journal = J. Dermatol. Sci. | volume = 67 | issue = 3 | pages = 205–7  | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22795619 | doi = 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.06.009 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|35em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|35em}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schäfer BW, Heizmann CW | title = The S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins: functions and pathology | journal = Trends Biochem. Sci. | volume = 21 | issue = 4 | pages = 134–40 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8701470 | doi = 10.1016/S0968-0004(96)80167-8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Watson PH, Leygue ER, Murphy LC | title = Psoriasin (S100A7) | journal = Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | volume = 30 | issue = 5 | pages = 567–71 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9693957 | doi = 10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00066-6 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M, Gesser B, Celis JE, Vandekerckhove J | title = Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes | journal = Electrophoresis | volume = 13 | issue = 12 | pages = 960–9 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1286667 | doi = 10.1002/elps.11501301199 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schäfer BW, Wicki R, Engelkamp D, Mattei MG, Heizmann CW | title = Isolation of a YAC clone covering a cluster of nine S100 genes on human chromosome 1q21: rationale for a new nomenclature of the S100 calcium-binding protein family | journal = Genomics | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 638–43 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7759097 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80005-7 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hoffmann HJ, Olsen E, Etzerodt M, Madsen P, Thøgersen HC, Kruse T, Celis JE | title = Psoriasin binds calcium and is upregulated by calcium to levels that resemble those observed in normal skin | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 103 | issue = 3 | pages = 370–5 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8077703 | doi = 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12395202 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bürgisser DM, Siegenthaler G, Kuster T, Hellman U, Hunziker P, Birchler N, Heizmann CW | title = Amino acid sequence analysis of human S100A7 (psoriasin) by tandem mass spectrometry | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 217 | issue = 1 | pages = 257–63 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8526920 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2772 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Celis JE, Rasmussen HH, Vorum H, Madsen P, Honoré B, Wolf H, Orntoft TF | title = Bladder squamous cell carcinomas express psoriasin and externalize it to the urine | journal = J. Urol. | volume = 155 | issue = 6 | pages = 2105–12 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8618345 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66118-4 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brodersen DE, Etzerodt M, Madsen P, Celis JE, Thøgersen HC, Nyborg J, Kjeldgaard M | title = EF-hands at atomic resolution: the structure of human psoriasin (S100A7) solved by MAD phasing | journal = Structure | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 477–89 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9562557 | doi = 10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00049-5 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brodersen DE, Nyborg J, Kjeldgaard M | title = Zinc-binding site of an S100 protein revealed. Two crystal structures of Ca2+-bound human psoriasin (S100A7) in the Zn2+-loaded and Zn2+-free states | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 6 | pages = 1695–704 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10026247 | doi = 10.1021/bi982483d }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Semprini S, Capon F, Bovolenta S, Bruscia E, Pizzuti A, Fabrizi G, Schietroma C, Zambruno G, Dallapiccola B, Novelli G | title = Genomic structure, promoter characterisation and mutational analysis of the S100A7 gene: exclusion of a candidate for familial psoriasis susceptibility | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 104 | issue = 2 | pages = 130–4 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10190323 | doi = 10.1007/s004390050925 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hagens G, Masouyé I, Augsburger E, Hotz R, Saurat JH, Siegenthaler G | title = Calcium-binding protein S100A7 and epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein are associated in the cytosol of human keratinocytes | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 339 ( Pt 2) | issue = 2 | pages = 419–27 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10191275 | pmc = 1220173 | doi = 10.1042/0264-6021:3390419 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hagens G, Roulin K, Hotz R, Saurat JH, Hellman U, Siegenthaler G | title = Probable interaction between S100A7 and E-FABP in the cytosol of human keratinocytes from psoriatic scales | journal = Mol. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 192 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 123–8 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10331666 | doi = 10.1023/A:1006894909694 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Haddad S, Zhang Z, Leygue E, Snell L, Huang A, Niu Y, Hiller-Hitchcock T, Hole K, Murphy LC, Watson PH | title = Psoriasin (S100A7) expression and invasive breast cancer | journal = Am. J. Pathol. | volume = 155 | issue = 6 | pages = 2057–66 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10595935 | pmc = 1866920 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65524-1 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, da Silva W, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH, Carvalho AF, Matsukuma A, Baia GS, Simpson DH, Brunstein A, de Oliveira PS, Bucher P, Jongeneel CV, O'Hare MJ, Soares F, Brentani RR, Reis LF, de Souza SJ, Simpson AJ | title = Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 97 | issue = 7 | pages = 3491–6 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10737800 | pmc = 16267 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ruse M, Lambert A, Robinson N, Ryan D, Shon KJ, Eckert RL | title = S100A7, S100A10, and S100A11 are transglutaminase substrates | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 40 | issue = 10 | pages = 3167–73 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11258932 | doi = 10.1021/bi0019747 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Enerbäck C, Porter DA, Seth P, Sgroi D, Gaudet J, Weremowicz S, Morton CC, Schnitt S, Pitts RL, Stampl J, Barnhart K, Polyak K | title = Psoriasin expression in mammary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 62 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–7 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11782356 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gemmill RM, Bemis LT, Lee JP, Sozen MA, Baron A, Zeng C, Erickson PF, Hooper JE, Drabkin HA | title = The TRC8 hereditary kidney cancer gene suppresses growth and functions with VHL in a common pathway | journal = Oncogene | volume = 21 | issue = 22 | pages = 3507–16 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12032852 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1205437 }}
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[[Category:S100 proteins]]