View source for Stapes

{{Infobox Bone |
  Name              = {{PAGENAME}} |
  Latin             = |
  GraySubject       = 231 |
  GrayPage          = 1045 |
  Image             = Gray918.png |
  Caption           = A. Left stapes. B. Base of stapes, medial surface. |
  Image2            = Gray919.png |
  Caption2          = Chain of [[ossicles]] and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the [[Eardrum|tympanum]]. |
  Map = Middle ear map |
  MapPos = Stapes| 
  MapCaption = Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear |
  Precursor         = 2nd [[branchial arch]]<ref>{{EmbryologyUNC|hednk|023}}</ref> |
  Origins           = |
  Insertions        = |
  Articulations     = |
  MeshName          = Stapes |
  MeshNumber        = A09.246.397.247.806 |
}}
__NOTOC__


The '''stapes''' or '''stirrup''' is the stirrup-shaped small [[bone]] or [[ossicles|ossicle]] in the
[[middle ear]] which attaches the [[incus]] to the [[fenestra ovalis]], the "oval window" which is adjacent to the [[Vestibule of the ear|vestibule]] of the inner [[ear]]. It is the smallest and lightest bone in the [[human body]].

The ''stapes'' transmits the sound vibrations from the [[incus]] to the membrane of the inner ear inside the [[fenestra ovalis]].

In non-mammalian [[vertebrate]]s, the bone [[Homology (biology)|homologous]] to the stapes is usually called the ''columella''; however, in reptiles, either term may be used. 

<div align="center">
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
Image:STAPES.jpg|The stapes is the smallest bone in the body<ref>http://www.ghorayeb.com</ref>.
Image:STAPES on a Penny 375 SQ.jpg|Stapes<ref>http://www.ghorayeb.com</ref>. 
Image:STAPES LABELED 320 X 240 G.jpg|It consists of a capitulum (head) which articulates with the incus, a neck, two crura (anterior and posterior) and a footplate.The head neck and crura form the stapedial arch.<ref>http://www.ghorayeb.com</ref>
</gallery>
</div>

==See also==
*[[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]]
*[[Terms for anatomical location]]

==References==
<references/>

* Vallejo-Valdezate LA, Martín-Gil J, José-Yacamán M, Martín-Gil FJ, Gil-Carcedo LM. "Scanning electron microscopy images and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the stapes in otosclerosis and van der Hoeve syndrome". ''Laryngoscope''. 2000 Sep;110(9):1505-10.

==External links==
*http://web.archive.org/web/20061111030032/http://webpages.marshall.edu/~hurlburt/310lec13.html
*http://faculty.juniata.edu/yohn/reptilialab.htm
http://research.meei.harvard.edu/otopathology/3dmodels/

{{Auditory system}}
{{HumanBones}}

[[Category:Auditory system]]
[[Category:Skeletal system]]
[[Category:Skull]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]

[[ar:عظمة الركاب]]
[[ca:Estrep (os)]]
[[da:Stigbøjle (knogle)]]
[[de:Steigbügel (Anatomie)]]
[[es:Estribo (hueso)]]
[[eo:Piedingo (anatomio)]]
[[fr:Stapes]]
[[hr:Stremen]]
[[id:Tulang sanggurdi]]
[[it:Staffa (anatomia)]]
[[la:Stapes (os)]]
[[nl:Stijgbeugel (gehoorbeentje)]]
[[pl:Strzemiączko]]
[[pt:Estribo (osso)]]
[[fi:Jalustinluu]]
[[sv:Stigbygeln]]
[[zh:镫骨]]
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