View source for Subdural empyema physical examination

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{{Subdural empyema}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JS}}; {{AG}}

==Overview==
Physical examination of patients with subdural empyema is usually remarkable for [[fever]], [[facial pain]], and [[neck stiffness]].<ref name="Hendaus2013">{{cite journal|last1=Hendaus|first1=Mohammed A.|title=Subdural Empyema in Children|journal=Global Journal of Health Science|volume=5|issue=6|year=2013|issn=1916-9744|doi=10.5539/gjhs.v5n6p54}}</ref><ref name="pmid23358438">{{cite journal| author=Bruner DI, Littlejohn L, Pritchard A| title=Subdural empyema presenting with seizure, confusion, and focal weakness. | journal=West J Emerg Med | year= 2012 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 509-11 | pmid=23358438 | doi=10.5811/westjem.2012.5.11727 | pmc=PMC3555596 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23358438  }} </ref><ref name=Mandell>{{Cite book  | last1 = Mandell | first1 = Gerald L. | last2 = Bennett | first2 = John E. (John Eugene) | last3 = Dolin | first3 = Raphael. | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease | date = 2010 | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = 0-443-06839-9 | pages =  }}</ref> 

==Physical Examination==
===Appearance of the Patient===
Patients with acute subdural empyema appear in poor condition, often appearing [[lethargic]] and [[vomiting]].

===Vital signs===
*[[Fever]]

===HEENT===
*[[Facial pain]] / [[swelling]]
*[[Meningismus]]
*[[Sinusitis]]
*[[Mastoiditis]]
*[[Otitis]]
*[[Papilledema]]
**[[Homonymous hemianopsia]]
*Fixed [[mydriasis]] on the ipsilateral side (from compression of 3rd [[cranial nerve]])

===Neck===
*[[Neck stiffness]]

===Neuromuscular===
*[[Coma]]
*[[Stupor]]
*[[Confusion]]
*[[Drowsiness]]
*[[Hemiparesis]] or hemisensory deficits
*[[Aphasia]] 
*[[Seizures]]
*[[Gait disturbances]]
*[[cranial nerve disease|Palsies]] of 3rd, 5th and 6th [[cranial nerves]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}




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