View source for Tetracycline hydrochloride microbiology

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{{Tetracycline hydrochloride}}
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==Microbiology==

Tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis. Tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The drugs in the tetracycline class have closely similar antimicrobial spectra, and cross-resistance among them is common. While in vitro studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of most strains of the following microorganisms, clinical efficacy for infections other than those included in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section has not been documented.

'''Gram-negative Bacteria'''

[[Neisseria gonorrhea]]

[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]
[[Haemophilus influenzae]]

[[Yersinia pestis]] (formerly Pasteurella pestis)

[[Francisella tularensis]] (formerly Pasterurella tularensis)

Vibrio cholera (formerly Vibrio comma)

[[Bartonella bacilliformis]]

Brucella species

Because many strains of the following groups of gram-negative microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility testing are recommended:

[[Escherichia coli]]

Klebsiella species

[[Enterobacter aerogenes]]

Shigella species

Acinetobacter species (formerly Mima species and Herellea species)

Bacteroides species

'''Gram-positive Bacteria'''

Because many strains of the following groups of gram-positive microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracycline, culture and susceptibility testing are recommended. Up to 44 percent of strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 74 percent of Streptococcusfaecalis have been found to be resistant to tetracycline drugs. Therefore, tetracyclines should not be used for streptococcal disease unless the organisms have been demonstrated to be susceptible.

[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]

[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]

Enterococcus group (Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium)

Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci (viridans group)

Other Microorganisms

[[Chlamydia psittaci]]

[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]

[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]

Borrelia recurrentis

[[Treponema pallidum]]

[[Treponema pertenue]]

Clostridia species

Fusobacterium fusiforme

Actinomyces species

Bacillus anthraxis

Propionibacterium acnes

Entamoeba species

[[Balantidium coli]]

'''Susceptibility Testing'''

A tetracycline disk may be used to determine microbial susceptibility to drugs in the tetracycline class. If the Kirby-Bauer method of disk susceptibility testing is used, a 30 mcg tetracycline disk should give a zone of at least 19 mm when tested against a tetracycline susceptible bacterial strain. Microorganisms may be considered susceptible if the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) is not more than 4 mcg/mL and intermediate if the MIC is 4 to 12.5 mcg/mL.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE CAPSULE [HERITAGE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=eaa5b1bd-0927-46e4-b941-32fcc492d258 | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{FDA}}

[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Wikinfect]]