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| {{BirthControl infobox |
| | #redirect [[Etonogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Vaginal Ring]] |
| | name = NuvaRing
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| | image = NuvaRing compressed.jpg
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| | width = 200px
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| | caption = NuvaRing is a flexible plastic ring.
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| | bc_type = Hormonal
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| | date_first_use = 2001
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| | rate_type = Failure
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| | perfect_failure% = 1
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| | typical_failure% = 1-2
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| | duration_effect = 4 weeks
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| | reversibility = 0-4 weeks
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| | user_reminders = Inserted for 3 weeks and then removed for a gap week
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| | clinic_interval = Annual
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| | STD_protection_YesNo = No
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| | periods_advantage = Periods do not begin while ring is inserted.
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| | benefits = Easy insertion and removal, only requires action every 1-3 weeks.
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| | weight_gain_loss = No proven effect
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| }}
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| [[Image:Nuvaring with quarter.gif|thumb|The NuvaRing, shown with a U.S. quarter for scale]]
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| '''NuvaRing''' is the trade name for a [[vaginal ring]] combined hormonal [[contraceptive]] manufactured by [[Organon International|Organon]] that is available by prescription. It is a flexible plastic ring that releases a low dose of a [[progestin]] and an [[estrogen]] over 3 weeks.
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| NuvaRing was first approved in The Netherlands on February 14, 2001, then by all 14 other countries then in the European Union on June 12, 2001, and in the United States by the [[FDA]] on October 3, 2001.<!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[FDA]] |year=2001 |title=NuvaRing NDA 21-187 Correspondence Part 1, |url=http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2001/21-187_NuvaRing_corres_P1.pdf |pages=p. 8 |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref>
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| NuvaRing was first marketed in the United States in July 2002, followed by several other European countries in late 2002.<!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] |month=July 16, |year=2002 |title=NuvaRing world's first vaginal birth control ring, first launch now in the US |url=http://www.organon.com/news/press_releases/2002_07_17_nuvaring_worlds_first_vaginal_birth_control_ring_first_launch_now_in_the_us.asp |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref>
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| In March 2007, Organon announced the market launch of NuvaRing in Australia, bringing the total number of countries where NuvaRing is available to 32. NuvaRing is currently used by approximately 1.5 million women worldwide.<!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] |month=March 21, |year=2007 |title=NuvaRing now available for Australian women |url=http://www.organon.com/news/press_releases/2007_03_21_nuvaring_now_available_for_australian_women.asp |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref>
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| == Use ==
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| The currently approved NuvaRing regimen specifies insertion of the ring into the vagina for a three-week period, then removal of the ring for one week, during which the user will experience a [[Menstruation|menstrual period]]. The break week with NuvaRing is comparable to the placebo week for [[combined oral contraceptive pill]]s ("the Pill"), and the contraceptive effect is maintained during this period. Extended use regimens (7-week, quarterly, or annual) involving back-to-back use of (2, 4, or 17) rings have been studied in clinical trials, but are not currently approved.<!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] |month=September 15, |year=2005 |title=NuvaRing is effective and well tolerated in extended use - Most women would like to decrease their number of periods a year |url=http://www.organon.com/news/press_releases/2005_09_15_nuvaring_is_effective_and_well_tolerated_in_extended_use.asp |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Miller L, Verhoeven CH, Hout J |year=2005 |title=Extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring: a randomized trial |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=106 |issue=3 |pages=473-82 |id=PMID 16135576}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Barreiros FA, Guazzelli CA, de Araujo FF, Barbosa R |year=2007 |title=Bleeding patterns of women using extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring |journal=Contraception |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=204-8 |id=PMID 17303490}}</ref>
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| Insertion of the ring is comparable to insertion of other [[vaginal ring]]s. The muscles of the vagina keep NuvaRing securely in place, even during exercise or sex. Women can check the contraceptive ring periodically with their finger. In rare instances, NuvaRing may fall out during sexual intercourse, while straining during a bowel movement, or while removing a tampon.<!--
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| --><ref name="fall out?">{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] | title=NuvaRing: Questions patients may have: Will NuvaRing fall out? |url=http://www.nuvaring.com/HCP/PatientSupport/PotentialQuestions/index.asp#76123 |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref name="US PI">{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] |month=August |year=2005 | title=NuvaRing - US Prescribing Information |url=http://www.nuvaring.com/Authfiles/Images/309_76063.pdf |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref>
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| Contraceptive efficacy is not reduced if the ring is removed or accidentally expelled and is left outside of the vagina for less than three hours. If the ring has been out of the vagina for more than three continuous hours, contraceptive efficacy may be reduced and a backup method of contraception must be used until the ring has been used continuously for a subsequent seven days.<!--
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| --><ref name="fall out?"/><!--
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| --><ref name="US PI"/>
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| ==Benefits==
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| The benefits of the ring include:
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| * once-a-month self-administered use offering convenience, ease of use and privacy (most users and most partners do not feel the ring, and of those who do, most do not object to it)<!--
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| --><ref name="hatcher">{{cite book |author=Hatcher, Robert A.; Nelson, Anita |year=2004 |editor=Hatcher, Robert A. et al. (eds.) |chapter=Combined Hormonal Contraceptive Methods |title=Contraceptive Technology |edition=18th rev. ed. |pages=pp. 391-460 |location=New York |publisher=Ardent Media |id=ISBN 0-966-49025-8}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref name="dieben 2002"/><!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] | title=NuvaRing: Questions patients may have: Will my partner or I feel NuvaRing? |url=http://www.nuvaring.com/HCP/PatientSupport/PotentialQuestions/index.asp#76125 |accessdate=2007-07-16}}</ref>
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| * lower estrogen exposure than with combined oral contraceptive pills or the [[contraceptive patch]] Ortho Evra.<!--
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| --><ref name="hatcher"/><!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] | title=NuvaRing: Knowing the benefits: Low dose of hormones |url=http://www.nuvaring.com/HCP/KnowingTheBenefits/lowerBloodLevelsOfEstrogen/index.asp |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref>{{cite journal |author=van den Heuvel MW, van Bragt AJ, Alnabawy AK, Kaptein MC |year=2005 |title=Comparison of ethinylestradiol pharmacokinetics in three hormonal contraceptive formulations: the vaginal ring, the transdermal patch and an oral contraceptive |journal=Contraception |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=168-74 |id=PMID 16102549}}</ref>
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| * a low incidence of estrogenic side effects such as [[nausea]] and [[mastalgia|
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| breast tenderness]]<!--
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| --><ref name="dieben 2002">{{cite journal |author=Dieben TO, Roumen FJ, Apter D |year=2002 |title=Efficacy, cycle control, and user acceptability of a novel combined contraceptive vaginal ring |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=585-93 |id=PMID 12220783}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref name="speroff">{{cite book |author=Speroff, Leon; Darney, Philip D. |year=2005 |chapter=Vaginal and Transdermal Estrogen-Progestin Contraception |title=A Clinical Guide for Contraception |edition=4th ed. |pages=pp. 153-164 |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |id=ISBN 0-781-76488-2}}</ref>
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| * a low incidence of [[breakthrough bleeding|irregular bleeding]] despite its lower estrogen dose<!--
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| --><ref name="dieben 2002"/><!--
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| --><ref name="speroff"/>
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| == Side effects ==
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| In two large studies, over a one year period, 15.1% of users discontinued NuvaRing because of adverse events. Device-related adverse events (foreign body sensation, coital problem, or expulsion) were the most frequently reported adverse events that resulted in discontinuation (by 2.5% of users). Device-related adverse events were reported at least once during the one year study period by 4.4% of NuvaRing users.<!--
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| --><ref name="dieben 2002"/>
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| The most common adverse events reported by 5 to 14% of the 2501 women who used NuvaRing in five clinical trials were: [[vaginitis]] (14.1%), [[headache]] (9.8%), [[upper respiratory tract infection]] (8.0%), [[leukorrhea]] (5.8%), [[sinusitis]] (5.7%), nausea (5.2%), and weight gain (4.9%).<!--
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| --><ref name="US PI"/><!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] |year=2001 |title=NuvaRing NDA 21-187 Medical Review Part 2 |url=http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2001/21-187_NuvaRing_medr_P2.pdf |pages=pp. 51, 53 |accessdate=2007-09-14}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref name="side effects">{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] | title=NuvaRing: Questions patients may have: What are the side effects associated with NuvaRing? |url=http://www.nuvaring.com/HCP/PrescribingNuvaRing/QuestionsPatientsMayHave/index.asp#75996 |accessdate=2007-09-14}}</ref>
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| NuvaRing is weight neutral.<!--
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| --><ref>{{cite web |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] | title=NuvaRing: Questions patients may have: Does NuvaRing cause weight gain? |url=http://www.nuvaring.com/HCP/PrescribingNuvaRing/QuestionsPatientsMayHave/index.asp#75996 |accessdate=2007-09-14}}</ref><!--
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| --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Bjarnadóttir RI, Tuppurainen M, Killick SR |year=2002 |title=Comparison of cycle control with a combined contraceptive vaginal ring and oral levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=186 |issue=3 |pages=389-195 |id=PMID 11904596}}</ref>
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| Additional side effect information is provided in the NuvaRing full prescribing information.<!--
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| --><ref name="US PI"/><!--
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| --><ref name="side effects"/>
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| [[Etonogestrel]], the specific progestin used in NuvaRing, is the active metabolite of the inactive [[prodrug]] [[desogestrel]], one of two third-generation progestins found in some epidemiological studies of combined oral contraceptive pills to be associated with a higher risk of [[venous thrombosis]] than combined oral contraceptive pills containing certain second-generation progestins. Because hormones are released continuously from NuvaRing, peak and total estrogen and progestin doses are significantly lower than with combined oral contraceptives, although it is not known whether this lowers the risk of blood clots.<!--
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| --><ref name="US PI"/>
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| == Mechanism of action ==
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| Like all combined hormonal contraceptives, NuvaRing works primarily by preventing ovulation. A secondary mechanism of action is inhibition of sperm penetration by changes in the cervical mucus. Hormonal contraceptives also have effects on the endometrium that theoretically could affect implantation, however no scientific evidence indicates that prevention of implantation actually results from their use.<!--
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| --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Rivera R, Yacobson I, Grimes D |year=1999 |title=The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=181 |issue=5 Pt 1 |pages=1263-9 |id=PMID 10561657}}</ref>
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| NuvaRing should not be used if a woman is pregnant. There is however no known harm to the woman, the course of her pregnancy, or the fetus if NuvaRing is accidentally used during pregnancy.<!--
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| --><ref>{{cite book |author=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |year=2004 |title=Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use |edition=3rd ed. |chapter=Combined injectable contraceptives, patch & ring |location=Geneva |publisher=Reproductive Health and Research, WHO |id=ISBN 92-4-156266-8 |chapterurl=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/mec/cics.html |accessdate=2007-04-12}}</ref>
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| NuvaRing delivers 120 µg of etonogestrel (a progestin) and 15 µg of [[ethinyl estradiol]] (an estrogen) each day of use.
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| == References ==
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| <!-- for details on how to add a citation, please see WP:CITE -->
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| <div class="references-small"><references/></div>
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://nuvaring.com/ Manufacturer's official site].
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| * [http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2005/jul_PI/NuvaRing_PI.pdf Official FDA safety information on NuvaRing]
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| * [http://www.sexualityandu.ca/adults/contraception-2-4.aspx Flash demo on inserting and removing NuvaRing]
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| {{BirthControl}}
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| [[Category:Hormonal contraception]]
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| [[fr:Anneau vaginal]]
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| [[pt:NuvaRing]]
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