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| {{Drugbox
| | #redirect [[Peginterferon alfa 2a]] |
| | Verifiedfields = changed
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| | verifiedrevid = 458269040
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| | IUPAC_name =
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| <!--Clinical data-->
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| | tradename =
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| | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|CDI|peginterferon_alfa-2a}}
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| | MedlinePlus = a605029
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| | pregnancy_category = C (mono therapy), X (combination therapy with [[ribavirin]])
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| | legal_status = Rx-only
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| | routes_of_administration = subcutaneous
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| <!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
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| | bioavailability =
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| | metabolism =
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| | excretion =
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| <!--Identifiers-->
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| | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | ChemSpiderID = NA
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| | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
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| | CAS_number = 215647-85-1
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| | ATC_prefix = L03
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| | ATC_suffix = AB11
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| | ATC_supplemental = <br>{{ATC|L03|AB61}} (in combinations)
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| | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
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| | DrugBank = DB00008
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| | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
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| | UNII = Q46947FE7K
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| | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
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| | KEGG = D02748
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| | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
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| | ChEMBL = 1201560
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| <!--Chemical data-->
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| | chemical_formula =
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| | C=860 | H=1353 | N=227 | O=255 | S=9
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| | molecular_weight = 19241 g/mol (unpegylated)<br />40000 g/mol (pegylated)
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| }}
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| __NOTOC__
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Alonso}}
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| ==Overview==
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| '''[[Pegylated]] [[interferon]] alfa-2a''' (pegylated with a branched 40 kDa PEG chain; commercial name '''Pegasys''') is an [[antiviral drug]] discovered at the pharmaceutical company [[Hoffmann-La Roche|F. Hoffmann-La Roche]]; it has a dual mode of action - both antiviral and on the immune system. The addition of [[polyethylene glycol]] to the interferon, through a process known as [[pegylation]], enhances the [[Biological half-life|half-life]] of the interferon when compared to its native form.
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| It is on the [[World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]], a list of the most important medication needed in a basic [[health system]].<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=22 April 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref>
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| ==Medical uses==
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| This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic [[hepatitis C]] (including patients with [[HIV]] co-infection, [[cirrhosis]], 'normal' levels of [[Alanine transaminase|ALT]]) and has recently been approved (in the [[European Union|EU]], [[United States|U.S.]], [[China]] and many other countries) for the treatment of chronic [[hepatitis B]].
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| Peginterferon alfa-2a is a long acting interferon. Interferons are [[proteins]] released in the body in response to [[viral infections]]. Interferons are important for fighting [[viruses]] in the body, for regulating reproduction of [[Cell (biology)|cells]], and for regulating the immune system.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} | |
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| == Host genetic factors influencing treatment response ==
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| For genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with [[pegylated interferon-alpha-2a]] or [[pegylated interferon-alpha-2b]] (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with [[ribavirin]], it has been shown that genetic polymorphisms near the human IL28B gene, encoding interferon lambda 3, are associated with significant differences in response to the treatment. This finding, originally reported in Nature,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance|author=Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ, ''et al.''|journal=Nature |year=2009 |volume=461|pages=399–401 |pmid=19684573 |doi=10.1038/nature08309|issue=7262}}</ref> showed genotype 1 hepatitis C patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene are more likely to achieve sustained virological response after the treatment than others. Later report from Nature <ref>{{cite journal|title=Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus|author=Thomas DL, Thio CL, Martin MP, ''et al.''|journal=Nature |year=2009 |pmid=19759533 |doi=10.1038/nature08463|volume=461|issue=7265|pages=798–801|pmc=3172006}}</ref> demonstrated the same genetic variants are also associated with the natural clearance of the genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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