High density lipoprotein epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 21:24, 9 October 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]

Overview

For 2009–2010, 21.3% of adults aged 20 and over had low HDL cholesterol (less than 40 mg/dL) in the United States. The percentage of adults with low HDL cholesterol was higher for men (31.4%) than for women (11.9%). Percentages among men were also higher than those among women of the same racial and ethnic group. For men, the percentage with low HDL cholesterol was lower among non-Hispanic black men than non-Hispanic white or Hispanic men. No racial or ethnic differences were found among women in the percentage with low HDL cholesterol.^[1]

Low HDL Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

In 2009–2010, 21.3% of adults aged 20 years and over had low HDL cholesterol level (less than 40 mg/dL) in the United States.

In Europe, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was estimated to be approximately 33% among men and 40% among women, with very low HDL-cholesterol present in 14% (both genders combined). A higher prevalence was reported among diabetic patients compared to the general population.^[2]

Gender

During 2009–2010, approximately 31% of men and 12% of women had low levels of HDL cholesterol. Percentages among men were also higher than those among women of the same racial and ethnic group.^[3]

Shown below are diagrams depicting the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol by age group and sex in the United States between 2009 and 2010 (Source:CDC.gov).

In Europe, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was estimated to be approximately 33% among men and 40% among women.^[4]

Race

For men, the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol was lower among non-Hispanic black men than non-Hispanic white or Hispanic men.^[3]

No racial or ethnic differences were reported among women with low HDL cholesterol.^[3]

Shown below is a diagram depicting the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol by ethinicity in the United States between 2009 and 2010 (Source:CDC.gov).

Age

The percentage of adults with low HDL cholesterol declines with age for men and women.

References

↑ Margaret D. Carroll, M.S.P.H.; Brian K. Kit, M.D., M.P.H.; and David A. Lacher, M.D., M.Ed. Total and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2010. April 2012. CDC.gov
↑ "Epidemiology of low HDL-cholesterol: results of studies and surveys". Retrieved 20 September 2013.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Carroll MD, Kit BK, Lacher DA (2012). "Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010". NCHS Data Brief (92): 1–8. PMID 22617230.
↑ "Epidemiology of low HDL-cholesterol: results of studies and surveys". Retrieved 20 September 2013.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[NCHS-1] Margaret D. Carroll, M.S.P.H.; Brian K. Kit, M.D., M.P.H.; and David A. Lacher, M.D., M.Ed. Total and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2010. April 2012. CDC.gov

[2] "Epidemiology of low HDL-cholesterol: results of studies and surveys". Retrieved 20 September 2013.

[pmid22617230-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Carroll MD, Kit BK, Lacher DA (2012). "Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010". NCHS Data Brief (92): 1–8. PMID 22617230.

[4] "Epidemiology of low HDL-cholesterol: results of studies and surveys". Retrieved 20 September 2013.

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 {{High density lipoprotein}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AN}}; {{RT}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MM}}; {{Rim}}
-Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here.  It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]]  to learn about editing.
 ==Overview==
-Epidemiological studies have shown that high concentrations of HDL (over 60 mg/dL) have protective value against [[cardiovascular disease]]s such as ischemic [[stroke]] and [[myocardial infarction]]. Low concentrations of HDL (below 40 mg/dL for men, below 50 mg/dL for women) are a positive risk factor for these atherosclerotic diseases.
+For 2009–2010, 21.3% of adults aged 20 and over had low HDL cholesterol (less than 40 mg/dL) in the United States. The percentage of adults with low HDL cholesterol was higher for men (31.4%) than for women (11.9%). Percentages among men were also higher than those among women of the same racial and ethnic group. For men, the percentage with low HDL cholesterol was lower among non-Hispanic black men than non-Hispanic white or Hispanic men. No racial or ethnic differences were found among women in the percentage with low HDL cholesterol.<ref name=NCHS>Margaret D. Carroll, M.S.P.H.; Brian K. Kit, M.D., M.P.H.; and David A. Lacher, M.D., M.Ed. Total and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2010. April 2012. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db92.htm CDC.gov]</ref>
-Data from the landmark [[Framingham Heart Study]] showed that for a given level of LDL, the risk of heart disease increases 10-fold as the HDL varies from high to low. Conversely, for a fixed level of HDL, the risk increases 3-fold as LDL varies from low to high.
+==Low HDL Epidemiology and Demographics==
+===Prevalence===
+*In 2009–2010, 21.3% of adults aged 20 years and over had low HDL cholesterol level (less than 40 mg/dL) in the United States.
-==Epidemiology and Demographics==
+* In Europe, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was estimated to be approximately 33% among men and 40% among women, with very low HDL-cholesterol present in 14% (both genders combined).  A higher prevalence was reported among diabetic patients compared to the general population.<ref>{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = Epidemiology of low HDL-cholesterol: results of studies and surveys | url = http://eurheartjsupp.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/suppl_F/F17.full?sid=5e22a755-aec9-4a06-9593-b5a3f02e1864 | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = 20 September 2013 }}</ref>
-===Age===
-The prevalence of dyslipidemia is highest in men ages 55 to 60 years old and before 65 years in women.
 ===Gender===
-Men tend to have noticeably lower HDL levels, with smaller size and lower cholesterol content, than women. Men also have an increased incidence of [[atherosclerosis|atherosclerotic]] heart disease.
+* During 2009–2010, approximately 31% of men and 12% of women had low levels of HDL cholesterol.  Percentages among men were also higher than those among women of the same racial and ethnic group.<ref name="pmid22617230">{{cite journal| author=Carroll MD, Kit BK, Lacher DA| title=Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010. | journal=NCHS Data Brief | year= 2012 | volume=  | issue= 92 | pages= 1-8 | pmid=22617230 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22617230  }} </ref>
+Shown below are diagrams depicting the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol by age group and sex in the United States between 2009 and 2010 (Source:CDC.gov).
+[[File:Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol by age group and sex in the United States between 2009 and 2010.PNG|center|Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol by age group and sex in the United States between 2009 and 2010]]
+* In Europe, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was estimated to be approximately 33% among men and 40% among women.<ref>{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = Epidemiology of low HDL-cholesterol: results of studies and surveys | url = http://eurheartjsupp.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/suppl_F/F17.full?sid=5e22a755-aec9-4a06-9593-b5a3f02e1864 | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = 20 September 2013 }}</ref>
+===Race===
+*For men, the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol was lower among non-Hispanic black men than non-Hispanic white or Hispanic men.<ref name="pmid22617230">{{cite journal| author=Carroll MD, Kit BK, Lacher DA| title=Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010. | journal=NCHS Data Brief | year= 2012 | volume=  | issue= 92 | pages= 1-8 | pmid=22617230 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22617230  }} </ref>
+*No racial or ethnic differences were reported among women with low HDL cholesterol.<ref name="pmid22617230">{{cite journal| author=Carroll MD, Kit BK, Lacher DA| title=Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010. | journal=NCHS Data Brief | year= 2012 | volume=  | issue= 92 | pages= 1-8 | pmid=22617230 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22617230  }} </ref>
+Shown below is a diagram depicting the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol by ethinicity in the United States between 2009 and 2010 (Source:CDC.gov).
+[[File:HDL epidemiology in the United States between 2009 and 2010.PNG|center|500px]]
+===Age===
+The percentage of adults with low HDL cholesterol declines with age for men and women.
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
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+{{Lipopedia}}
+[[Category:Lipopedia]]
 [[Category:Lipid disorders]]
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
 [[Category:Lipoproteins]]
+[[Category:HDLpedia]]
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Basic Science	Cholesterol • Triglyceride Lipoprotein metabolism and transport Lipoprotein: Chylomicron • Chylomicron remnant • HDL • IDL • LDL • Lipoprotein(a) • VLDL • Lipoprotein-X Apolipoprotein: APOA (1, 2, 4, 5) • APOB ( Apolipoprotein B-48, Apolipoprotein B-100) • APOC (1, 2, 3, 4) • APOD • APOE • APOH • APOJ • APOL • APOM • Apo(a) Lipoprotein receptor: LDL receptor • Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP) • Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 • Scavenger receptor • Scavenger receptor A • Scavenger receptor B • VLDL receptor Lipoprotein enzymes: Lipoprotein lipase • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) • Cholesterylester transfer protein ( Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1 Genes: Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1
Lipoprotein Disorders	Lipoprotein disorders Primary lipoprotein disorders: Familial hyperchylomicronemia (Type I) • Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIA) • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIB) • Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) • Primary hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV) • Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V) Secondary lipoprotein disorders
Abnormal Laboratory Lipid Profile	Low chylomicron • Low chylomicron remnant • Low HDL • Low IDL • Low LDL • Low lipoprotein(a) • Low VLDL High chylomicron • High chylomicron remnant • High HDL • High IDL • High LDL • High Lipoprotein(a) • High VLDL