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| '''For patient information, click [[Alcoholism (patient information)|here]]'''
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| {{alcohealth}} | | {{alcohealth}} |
| {{Alcoholism}} | | {{Alcoholism}} |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}} |
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| | {{SK}} Alcohol intoxication |
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| | ==[[Alcoholism overview|Overview]]== |
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| {{CMG}}
| | ==[[Alcoholism historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| ==Identification and diagnosis== | | ==[[Alcoholism pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==Effects== | | ==[[Alcoholism differential diagnosis|Differentiating Alcoholism from Other Diseases]]== |
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| ==Societal impact== | | ==[[Alcoholism epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| The various health problems associated with long-term alcohol consumption are generally perceived as detrimental to society, for example, money due to lost labor-hours, medical costs, and secondary treatment costs. Alcohol use is a major contributing factor for [[head injury|head injuries]], motor vehicle accidents, violence, and assaults. Beyond money, there is also the pain and suffering of the all individuals besides the alcoholic affected. For instance, alcohol consumption by a pregnant woman can lead to [[Fetal alcohol syndrome]],<ref>CDC. (2004). ''Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis''. Can be downloaded at http://www.cdc.gov/fas/faspub.htm</ref> an incurable and damaging condition.<ref>Streissguth, A. (1997). ''Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities''. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing. ISBN 1-55766-283-5.</ref>
| | ==[[Alcoholism risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| Estimates of the economic costs of alcohol abuse, collected by the World Health Organization, vary from one to six per cent of a country's GDP.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=World Health Organization | url=http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_status_report_2004_overview.pdf | format=PDF | title=Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004 | accessdate=2007-01-03 }}</ref> One Australian estimate pegged alcohol's social costs at 24 per cent of all drug abuse costs; a similar Canadian study concluded alcohol's share was 41 per cent.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=World Health Organization Global Alcohol Database | url=http://www.who.int/globalatlas/dataQuery/objectInterface.asp?objID=359&boCat=&p=null&lvl=0&catID=520700000000&level=2 | accessdate=2007-01-03 | title=Economic cost of alcohol consumption }}</ref>
| | ==[[Alcoholism screening|Screening]]== |
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| A study quantified the cost to the UK of ''all'' forms of alcohol misuse as £18.5–20 billion annually (2001 figures).<ref>{{cite web | publisher=BBC | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3122244.stm | title=Q&A: The costs of alcohol | date=19 September 2003 }}</ref><ref name=cosu/>
| | ==[[Alcoholism natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| ===Stereotypes=== | | ==[[Alcoholism diagnosis|Diagnosis]]== |
| [[Image:Imlauer Ihr zu Fuessen 1883.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Depiction of a wino or town drunk]] | | [[ Alcoholism diagnostic criteria | Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Alcoholism history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Alcoholism physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Alcoholism laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Alcoholism electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Alcoholism chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Alcoholism CT|CT]] | [[Alcoholism echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Alcoholism other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| [[Stereotype]]s of alcoholics are often found in fiction and popular culture. The 'town drunk' is a stock character in Western popular culture. | |
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| Stereotypes of drunkenness may be based on racism, as in the depiction of the Irish as heavy drinkers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.finfacts.ie/Private/bestprice/alcoholdrinkconsumptionpriceseurope.htm | title=World/Global Alcohol/Drink Consumption 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://clippednews.wordpress.com/2007/03/14/the-worlds-drunks-the-irish/ | title=The World’s Drunks: The Irish }}</ref> In Australia and Canada, Aboriginal people have similarly been stereotyped as alcoholics.
| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Alcoholism medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Alcoholism secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Alcoholism cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Alcoholism future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| ===Politics and public health=== | | ==Case Studies== |
| {{details|Addiction recovery groups}}
| | :[[Alcoholism case study one|Case #1]] |
| Because alcohol use disorders are perceived as impacting society as a whole, governments and parliaments have formed alcohol policies in order to reduce the harm of alcoholism. The [[World Health Organization]], the European Union and other regional bodies are working on alcohol action plans and programs.
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
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| * [[Adult Children of Alcoholics]] | | * [[Adult Children of Alcoholics]] |
| * [[Alcohol consumption and health]] | | * [[Alcohol consumption and health]] |
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| ** [[Liver function tests]] | | ** [[Liver function tests]] |
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| ==References==
| | {{WH}} |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{WS}} |
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| ==Further reading==
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| * Berry, Ralph E.; Boland James P. ''The Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse'' The Free Press, New York, 1977 ISBN 0-02-903080-3
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| * Royce, James E. and Scratchley, David ''Alcoholism and Other Drug Problems'' Free Press, March 1996 ISBN-10: 0-684-82314-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-684-82314-0
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| * Valliant, George E., ''The Natural History of Alcoholism Revisited, Harvard University Press, May 1995 ISBN-10: 0-674-60378-8 ISBN-13: 978-0-674-60378-3
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| *Pence, Gregory, "Kant on Whether Alcoholism is a Disease," Ch. 2, The Elements of Bioethics, McGraw-Hill Books, 2007 ISBN-10: 0-073-13277-2.
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| * Milam, Dr. James R. and Ketcham, Katherine ''Under The Influence: A Guide to the Myths and Realities of Alcoholism.'' Bantam, 1983, ISBN 0-553-27487-2
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| *Warren Thompson, MD, FACP. “[http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic98.htm Alcoholism].” Emedicine.com, June 6, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
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| *[http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Social/Module2Etiology&NaturalHistory/Module2.html Etiology and Natural History of Alcoholism]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
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| [[Category:Substance abuse]] | | [[Category:Substance abuse]] |
| [[Category:Psychiatry]] | | [[Category:Psychiatry]] |
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| {{Link FA|hr}}
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| {{Link FA|vi}}
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| [[ar:إدمان كحولي]]
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| [[zh-min-nan:Chiú-cheng tiòng-to̍k]]
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| [[bs:Alkoholizam]]
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| [[bg:Алкохолизъм]]
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| [[ca:Alcoholisme]]
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| [[cs:Alkoholismus]]
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| [[cy:Alcoholiaeth]]
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| [[da:Alkoholisme]]
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| [[de:Alkoholkrankheit]]
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| [[et:Alkoholism]]
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| [[es:Alcoholismo]]
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| [[eo:Alkoholismo]]
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| [[eu:Alkoholismo]]
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| [[fa:الکلیسم]]
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| [[fr:Alcoolisme]]
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| [[gl:Alcoholismo]]
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| [[hr:Alkoholizam]]
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| [[id:Alkoholisme]]
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| [[is:Alkóhólismi]]
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| [[it:Alcolismo]]
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| [[he:אלכוהוליזם]]
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| [[jv:Alkoholisme]]
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| [[lt:Alkoholizmas]]
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| [[mk:Алкохолизам]]
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| [[mt:Alkoħoliżmu]]
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| [[ms:Alkoholisme]]
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| [[nl:Alcoholisme]]
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| [[ja:アルコール依存症]]
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| [[no:Alkoholisme]]
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| [[nn:Alkoholmisbruk]]
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| [[oc:Alcolisme]]
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| [[pl:Alkoholizm]]
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| [[pt:Alcoolismo]]
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| [[ru:Алкоголизм]]
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| [[simple:Alcoholism]]
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| [[sk:Alkoholizmus]]
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| [[sl:Alkoholizem]]
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| [[sr:Алкохолизам]]
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| [[sh:Alkoholizam]]
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| [[fi:Alkoholismi]]
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| [[sv:Alkoholism]]
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| [[tl:Alkoholismo]]
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| [[vi:Chứng nghiện rượu]]
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| [[tg:Алкоголизм]]
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| [[tr:Alkolizm]]
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| [[uk:Алкоголізм]]
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| [[yi:אלקאהאליזם]]
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| [[zh:酗酒]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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