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| {{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
| | #REDIRECT [[Pentamidine]] |
| |authorTag=
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| {{VP}}
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| <!--Overview-->
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| |genericName=
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| Pentamidine isethionate
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| |aOrAn=
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| a
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| |drugClass=
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| |indication=
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| |hasBlackBoxWarning=
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| Yes
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| |adverseReactions=
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| <!--Black Box Warning-->
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| |blackBoxWarningTitle=
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| Title
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| |blackBoxWarningBody=
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| <i><span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span></i>
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| * Content
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| <!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->
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| <!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
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| |fdaLIADAdult=
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| =====Condition1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition2=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition3=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition4=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| <!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)-->
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| <!--Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
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| |offLabelAdultGuideSupport=
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| =====Condition1=====
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| * Developed by:
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| * Class of Recommendation:
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| * Strength of Evidence:
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition2=====
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
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| <!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
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| |offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=
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| =====Condition1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition2=====
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
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| <!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->
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| <!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
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| |fdaLIADPed=
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| =====Condition1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition2=====
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| There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
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| <!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
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| <!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
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| |offLabelPedGuideSupport=
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| =====Condition1=====
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| * Developed by:
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| * Class of Recommendation:
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| * Strength of Evidence:
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition2=====
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
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| <!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
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| |offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=
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| =====Condition1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :* Dosage
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| =====Condition2=====
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
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| <!--Contraindications-->
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| |contraindications=
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| * Condition1
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| <!--Warnings-->
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| |warnings=
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| * Description
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| ====Precautions====
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| * Description
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| <!--Adverse Reactions-->
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| <!--Clinical Trials Experience-->
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| |clinicalTrials=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| =====Body as a Whole=====
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| =====Cardiovascular=====
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| =====Digestive=====
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| =====Endocrine=====
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| =====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
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| =====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
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| =====Musculoskeletal=====
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| =====Neurologic=====
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| =====Respiratory=====
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| =====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
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| =====Special Senses=====
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| =====Urogenital=====
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| =====Miscellaneous=====
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| <!--Postmarketing Experience-->
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| |postmarketing=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| =====Body as a Whole=====
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| =====Cardiovascular=====
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| =====Digestive=====
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| =====Endocrine=====
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| =====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
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| =====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
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| =====Musculoskeletal=====
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| =====Neurologic=====
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| =====Respiratory=====
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| =====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
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| =====Special Senses=====
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| =====Urogenital=====
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| =====Miscellaneous=====
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| <!--Drug Interactions-->
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| |drugInteractions=
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| * Drug
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| :* Description
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| <!--Use in Specific Populations-->
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| |useInPregnancyFDA=
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| * '''Pregnancy Category'''
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| |useInPregnancyAUS=
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| * '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
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| There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
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| |useInLaborDelivery=
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| There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
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| |useInNursing=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
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| |useInPed=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
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| |useInGeri=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
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| |useInGender=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
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| |useInRace=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
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| |useInRenalImpair=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
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| |useInHepaticImpair=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
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| |useInReproPotential=
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| There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
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| |useInImmunocomp=
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| There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
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| <!--Administration and Monitoring-->
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| |administration=
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| * Oral
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| * Intravenous
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| |monitoring=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| * Description
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| <!--IV Compatibility-->
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| |IVCompat=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| <!--Overdosage-->
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| |overdose=
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| ===Acute Overdose===
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| ====Signs and Symptoms====
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| * Description
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| ====Management====
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| * Description
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| ===Chronic Overdose===
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| <!--Pharmacology-->
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| <!--Drug box 2-->
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| |drugBox=
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| <!--Mechanism of Action-->
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| |mechAction=
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| * Studies suggest that the pentamidine isethionate interferes with microbial nuclear metabolism by inhibition of DNA, RNA, phospholipid and protein synthesis. However, the mode of action is not fully understood.
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| <!--Structure-->
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| |structure=
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| * NebuPent (pentamidine isethionate), an antifungal agent, is a nonpyrogenic lyophilized product. After reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, NebuPent is administered by inhalation via the Respirgard® II nebulizer [Marquest, Englewood, CO].
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| *Pentamidine isethionate, 4,4’-[1,5-pentane-diylbis(oxy)]bis-benzenecarboximidamid, is a white crystalline powder soluble in water and glycerin and insoluble in ether, acetone, and chloroform.
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| : [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
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| <!--Pharmacodynamics-->
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| |PD=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| <!--Pharmacokinetics-->
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| |PK=
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| *In 5 AIDS patients with suspected Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), the mean concentrations of pentamidine determined 18 to 24 hours after inhalation therapy were 23.2 ng/mL (range 5.1 to 43.0 ng/mL) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and 705 ng/mL (range 140 to 1336 ng/mL) in sediment after administration of a 300 mg single dose via the Respirgard® II nebulizer. In 3 AIDS patients with suspected PJP, the mean concentrations of pentamidine determined 18 to 24 hours after a 4 mg/kg intravenous dose were 2.6 ng/mL (range 1.5 to 4.0 ng/mL) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and 9.3 ng/mL (range 6.9 to 12.8 ng/mL) in sediment. In the patients who received aerosolized pentamidine, the peak plasma levels of pentamidine were at or below the lower limit of detection of the assay (2.3 ng/mL).
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| *Following a single 2-hour intravenous infusion of 4 mg/kg of pentamidine isethionate to 6 AIDS patients, the mean plasma Cmax, T 1/2 and clearance were 612 ± 371 ng/mL, 6.4 ± 1.3 hr and 248 ± 91 L/hr respectively. In another study of aerosolized pentamidine in 13 AIDS patients with acute PJP who received 4 mg/kg/day administered via the Ultra Vent® jet nebulizer, peak plasma levels of pentamidine averaged 18.8 ± 11.9 ng/mL after the first dose. During the next 14 days of repeated dosing, the highest observed Cmax averaged 20.5 ± 21.2 ng/mL. In a third study, following daily administration of 600 mg of inhaled pentamidine isethionate with the Respirgard® II nebulizer for 21 days in 11 patients with acute PJP, mean plasma levels measured shortly after the 21st dose averaged 11.8 ± 10.0 ng/mL. Plasma concentrations after aerosol administration are substantially lower than those observed after a comparable intravenous dose. The extent of pentamidine accumulation and distribution following chronic inhalation therapy are not known.
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| *In rats, intravenous administration of a 5 mg/kg dose resulted in concentrations of pentamidine in the liver and kidney that were 87.5 and 62.3-fold higher, respectively, than levels in those organs following 5 mg/kg administered as an aerosol.
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| *No pharmacokinetic data are available following aerosol administration of pentamidine in humans with impaired hepatic or renal function.
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| <!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
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| |nonClinToxic=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| <!--Clinical Studies-->
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| |clinicalStudies=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| <!--How Supplied-->
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| |howSupplied=
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| *
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| <!--Patient Counseling Information-->
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| |fdaPatientInfo=
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| There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| <!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
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| |alcohol=
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| * Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
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| <!--Brand Names-->
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| |brandNames=
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| * ®<ref>{{Cite web | title = | url = }}</ref>
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| <!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
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| |lookAlike=
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| * A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher = | date = }}</ref>
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| <!--Drug Shortage Status-->
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| |drugShortage=
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| }}
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| <!--Pill Image-->
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| {{PillImage
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| |fileName=No image.jpg|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
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| |drugName=
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| |NDC=
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| |drugAuthor=
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| |ingredients=
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| |pillImprint=
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| |dosageValue=
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| |dosageUnit=
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| |pillColor=
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| |pillShape=
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| |pillSize=
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| |pillScore=
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| }}
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| <!--Label Display Image-->
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| {{LabelImage
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| |fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
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| }}
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| {{LabelImage
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| |fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
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| }}
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| <!--Category-->
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| [[Category:Drug]]
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